Table of Contents
Why Consider Opposing Viewpoints? 11
Introduction 14
Chapter 1 What Are Some Concerns Regarding the Testing of New Medicine?
Chapter Preface 18
1 Clinical Trials of New Medical Treatments Need to Be Conducted Globally Trudie Lang Sisira Siribaddana 20
2 Clinical Trials Are Conducted Overseas Without Adequate Oversight Donald L. Barlett James B. Steele 30
3 Volunteers Are Critical to Advancing Medicine Through Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health 43
4 Paying Human Research Subjects Raises Ethical Concerns Carl Elliott 53
5 Rodents Are Overused as Subjects in Medical Research Daniel Engber 65
Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 76
Chapter 2 How Should Medical Testing on Humans and Animals Be Regulated?
Chapter Preface 78
1 Current Federal Oversight of Human Medical Testing Is Inadequate Jeanne Lenzer Shannon Brownlee 80
2 Current Federal Oversight of Human Medical Testing Could Use Refinement Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues 88
3 Clinical Research: Time for Sensible Global Guidelines Trudie Lang Phaik Yeong Cheah Nicholas J. White 97
4 Medical Testing on Animals Is Cruel and Unnecessary People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) 104
5 Medical Research Involving Animals Is Humane and Necessary Americans for Medical Progress 111
Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 118
Chapter 3 What Are Some Concerns About Diagnostic Medical Tests?
Chapter Preface 120
1 Evidence Fails to Support Routine Mammograms Starting at Age Forty John Crewdson 122
2 Women Should Receive Screening Mammograms Starting at Age Forty National Cancer Institute 130
3 Why the PSA Test Is DOA T.E. Holt 137
4 Researchers: PSA Test Saves Lives, Government Guidelines Are Wrong Nick Tate 149
5 Medical Boards Are Recommending That Doctors Cut Back on Medical Tests H. Gilbert Welch 154
6 Recommendations to Cut Back on Medical Tests Are Unfair Hal Scherz 159
Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 164
Chapter 4 What Are Some Concerns About Genetic Testing?
Chapter Preface 166
1 Genetic Testing for Incurable Diseases Poses Risks to Consumers and Families Gregory Pence 168
2 Consumers Do Not Need to Be Protected from Genetic Information Ronald Bailey 174
3 Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests and the Right to Know Ronni Sandroff 180
4 One Step Closer to Designer Babies: New Noninvasive Prenatal Genetic Testing Could Change Human Pregnancy Forever Marcy Darnovsky
5 Prenatal Genetic Testing Has Broad Support, Even with Increased Abortion William Saletan 192
6 Testing Ourselves: Researchers Simplify Prenatal Genetic Scans Charles A. Donovan 199
Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 203
For Further Discussion 204
Organizations to Contact 206
Bibliography of Books 211
Index 215