Solar Heating Systems for Houses: A Design Handbook for Solar Combisystems / Edition 1 available in Hardcover, Paperback
Solar Heating Systems for Houses: A Design Handbook for Solar Combisystems / Edition 1
- ISBN-10:
- 036739488X
- ISBN-13:
- 9780367394882
- Pub. Date:
- 10/23/2019
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
- ISBN-10:
- 036739488X
- ISBN-13:
- 9780367394882
- Pub. Date:
- 10/23/2019
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
Solar Heating Systems for Houses: A Design Handbook for Solar Combisystems / Edition 1
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Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780367394882 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
Publication date: | 10/23/2019 |
Edition description: | Reprint |
Pages: | 344 |
Product dimensions: | 6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d) |
Table of Contents
Preface Werner Weiss xi
1 Solar combisystems and the global energy challenge Werner Weiss 1
1.1 Towards a sustainable energy future 1
1.2 The contribution of solar thermal energy to the overall heat demand in Europe 3
1.2.1 Collector area in operation in the year 2000 in Europe 3
1.2.2 Current and medium-term energy supply from solar heating systems 5
1.3 Solar combisystems - a promising solution 6
References 9
2 The solar resource Wolfgang Streicher 10
2.1 Solar radiation and ambient temperature 10
2.2 Availability of climatic data 15
2.2.1 Test Reference Years 15
2.2.2 Weather data generators 16
References 16
Internet sites for climatic data 16
3 Heat demand of buildings Wolfgang Streicher 17
3.1 Thermal quality of buildings 17
3.2 The reference buildings of Task 26 20
3.3 Space heating demand 22
3.4 Hot water consumption Ulrike Jordan Klaus Vajen 28
3.4.1 DHW load profiles on a 1 minute timescale 29
3.4.2 DHW load profiles on a 6 minute timescale 33
3.4.3 DHW load profiles on an hourly timescale 35
3.4.4 Final remarks 35
References 36
4 Generic solar combisystems 38
4.1 Basic features of solar combisystems - a short summary Jean-Marc Suter 38
4.1.1 Comparison of combisystems with solar water heaters 38
4.1.2 Stratification in water storage devices 39
4.2 Classification of solar combisystems Jean-Marc Suter 41
4.3 The generic solar combisystems considered Jean-Marc Suter 43
4.4 Technical description of the generic systems Thomas Letz Jean-Marc Suter 48
4.4.1 General remarks 48
4.4.2 The symbols used 49
4.4.3 System #1: basic direct solar floor (France) 51
4.4.4 System #2: heat exchanger between collector loop and space heating loop (Denmark) 53
4.4.5 System #3a: advanced direct solar floor (France) 55
4.4.6 System #4: DHW tank as a space heating storage device (Denmark and the Netherlands) 57
4.4.7 System #5: DHW tank as space heating storage device with drainback capability (the Netherlands) 59
4.4.8 System #6: heat storage in DHW tank and in collector drainback tank (the Netherlands) 61
4.4.9 System #7: space heating store with a single load-side heat exchanger for DHW (Finland) 62
4.4.10 System #8: space heating store with double load-side heat exchanger for DHW (Switzerland) 64
4.4.11 System #9: small DHW tank in space heating tank (Switzerland, Austria and Norway) 66
4.4.12 System #10: advanced small DHW tank in space heating tank (Switzerland) 69
4.4.13 System #11: space heating store with DHW load-side heat exchanger) and external auxiliary boiler (Finland and Sweden) 71
4.4.14 System #12: space heating store with DHW load-side heat exchanger(s) and external auxiliary boiler (advanced version) (Sweden) 73
4.4.15 System #13: two stores (series) (Austria) 75
4.4.16 System #14: two stores (parallel) (Austria) 77
4.4.17 System #15: two stratifiers in a space heating storage tank with an external load-side heat exchanger for DHW (Germany) 79
4.4.18 System #16: conical stratifer in space heating store with load-side heat exchanger for DHW (Germany) 81
4.4.19 System #17: tank open to the atmosphere with three heat exchangers (Germany) 81
4.4.20 System #18: finned-tube load-side DHW heat exchanger in stratifier (Germany) 85
4.4.21 System #19: centralized heat production, distributed heat load, stratified storage (Austria) 87
4.4.22 Large systems for seasonal heat storage 90
Reference 92
5 Building-related aspects of solar combisystems 93
5.1 Space requirements Peter Kovács Werner Weiss 93
5.1.1 Is a low space requirement always desirable? 93
5.1.2 How to achieve a low space requirement? 94
5.1.3 Space requirements of the 20 generic combisystems 95
5.2 Architectural integration of collector arrays Irene Bergmann Michaela Meir John Rekstad Werner Weiss 99
5.2.1 Roof integration 101
5.2.2 Façade integration 107
5.2.3 Aesthetic aspects 119
5.2.4 Project planning and boiler room 122
References 123
Further reading 124
6 Performance of solar combisystems Ulrike Jordan Klaus Vajen Wolfgang Streicher 125
6.1 Reference conditions 125
6.1.1 Boiler parameters 126
6.1.2 Collector parameters 128
6.1.3 Pipe parameters 128
6.1.4 Storage parameters 129
6.1.5 Electricity consumption of system components 130
6.1.6 Combined total energy consumption 134
6.2 Fractional energy savings 135
6.2.1 Target functions 136
6.2.2 Penalty functions 137
6.3 Combisystems characterization Thomas Letz 141
6.3.1 FSC method 141
6.3.2 Cost analysis 154
References 162
7 Durability and reliability of solar combisystems Jean-Marc Suter Peter Kovács 163
7.1 General considerations 163
7.1.1 Durable materials 163
7.1.2 Reliable components and systems 165
7.1.3 Quantitative assessment of system reliability Peter Kovács 168
7.2 Stagnation behaviour Jean-Marc Suter 171
7.2.1 Stagnation in solar combisystems 171
7.2.2 Stagnation in pressurized collector loops with expansion vessels Robert Hausner 173
7.2.3 Drainback technology Huib Visser Markus Peter 182
References 189
8 Dimensioning of solar combisystems Chris Bales Wolfgang Streicher Thomas Letz Bengt Perers 191
8.1 Dimensioning guidelines Wolfgang Streicher Chris Bales Thomas Letz 192
8.1.1 Collector slope and orientation 192
8.1.2 Collector and store size 194
8.1.3 Climate and load 197
8.1.4 The boiler and the annual energy balance 198
8.1.5 Design of the heat store 201
8.1.6 Design of the collector circuit 206
8.2 Planning and design tools Chris Bales Thomas Letz Bengt Perers 208
8.2.1 The Task 26 nomogram 211
8.2.2 The Task 26 design tool 213
8.3 Simulation of system performance Chris Bales 218
8.3.1 TRNSYS simulations 219
8.3.2 Simulation of Task 26 systems 220
8.4 Numerical models for solar combisystems Chris Bales Bengt Perers 222
8.4.1 Models used in Task 26 223
8.4.2 Parameter identification and verification 229
References 230
Simulation programs 230
9 Built examples 231
9.1 Single-family house, Wildon, Austria 231
9.2 The Gneis-Moos Housing Estate, Salzburg, Austria 234
9.3 Single-family house, Koege, Denmark 237
9.4 Multi-family house, Evessen, Germany 239
9.5 Multi-family house with office, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 243
9.6 Single-family house, Cölbe, Germany 246
9.7 Factory-made systems, Dordrecht, the Netherlands 248
9.8 Single-family house, Saint Baldoph, France 251
9.9 Single-family house, Saint Alban Leysse, France 254
9.10 Single-family house, Falun, Sweden 257
9.11 Single-family house, Örebro, Sweden 260
9.12 Single-family house, Dombresson, Switzerland 263
9.13 Single-family house, Buus, Switzerland 266
9.14 Single-family house, Oslo, Norway 269
9.15 Klosterenga Ecological Dwellings: multi-family house, Oslo, Norway 272
References 276
10 Testing and certification of solar combisystems Harold Drück Huib Visser 277
10.1 European standards 277
10.1.1 Classification of solar heating systems 278
10.1.2 Current status of the European standards 279
10.2 Testing of solar thermal components 280
10.2.1 Collectors 280
10.2.2 Testing of hot water stores 281
10.3 Testing of solar heating systems 282
10.3.1 The CSTG test method 283
10.3.2 The DST method 283
10.3.3 The CTSS method 284
10.3.4 The DC and the CCT methods 284
10.4 Certification of solar heating systems 286
References 287
Appendix 1 Reference library: Compiled Peter Kovács 289
A1.1 Contents of the reference library sorted by author 289
Appendix 2 Vocabulary Jean-Marc Suter Ulrike Jordan Dagmar Jaehnig 296
A2.1 Terms and definitions 296
A2.2 Symbols and abbreviations 301
A2.3 Terms and definitions specific to Chapters 6 and 8 302
References 303
Appendix 3 IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Werner Weiss 304
A3.1 Completed Tasks 305
A3.2 Completed Working Groups 305
A3.3 Current Tasks 305
A3.4 Current Working Group 306
Appendix 4 Task 26 Werner Weiss 307
A4.1 Participants 308
A4.2 Industry participants 309
Index 311