Table of Contents

List of abbreviations xiii

Preface xvii

Part I Oxford and Cambridge 1

1 The Paul of History and the Apostle of Faith (1978) 3

Justification and Salvation History: Stendahl and Käsemann 4

The 'Real Paul' and the Imaginary Apostle 14

2 Justification: The Biblical Basis and Its Relevance for Contemporary Evangelicalism (1980) 21

Introduction: The Shape of the Doctrine 21

The Basis of Justification 23

The Results of Justification 24

The Biblical Material 26

Old Testament 26

The Gospels and Acts 27

Paul: Galatians 28

Philippians 29

Romans 30

Other New Testament Books 34

Justification and Current Questions: Protestant and Catholic 35

Radical Protestantism 37

Contemporary Evangelicalism 38

3 Godliness and Good Learning: Cranfield's Romans (1980) 42

4 A New Tübingen School? Ernst Käsemann and His Commentary on Romans (1982) 52

The Background: Apocalyptic 56

The Righteousness of God 58

Christology 59

The Spirit and the Letter 61

The Coherence of Romans 62

Questions and Problems 64

Conclusion 67

5 On Becoming the Righteousness of God: 2 Corinthians 5.21 (1993) 68

Introduction: The Problem 69

The Regular Usage 69

2 Corinthians 5.21 in Context 71

Proposal: Covenant and Apostleship 72

Conclusion 74

Part II Lichfield and Westminster 77

6 Gospel and Theology in Galatians (1994) 79

Introduction 79

Isaianic Message or Imperial Proclamation? 80

God, Messiah and Gospel in Galatians 84

Concluding Reflections 90

7 Romans and the Theology of Paul (1995) 93

On Reading Romans Theologically 93

The Poetic Sequence of Romans: Introduction 96

Romans 1-4 98

Romans Seen from the End of Chapter 4 103

Romans 5-8 105

Romans 5 105

Romans 6 108

Romans 7.1-8.11 109

Romans 8.12-39 113

Romans 9-11 115

Romans 12-16 121

The Prologue (1.1-17) 122

Romans and Pauline Theology 124

8 Two Radical Jews: A Review Article of Daniel Boyarin, A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity (1996) 126

9 The Law in Romans 2 (1996) 134

Introduction 134

Beginning at the End: 2.25-29 136

Boasting in the Torah: 2.17-24 141

Written on the Heart: 2.12-16 146

Conclusion 150

10 Paul, Arabia and Elijah (Galatians 1.17) (1996) 152

11 New Exodus, New Inheritance: The Narrative Substructure of Romans 3-8 (1999) 160

12 Paul's Gospel and Caesar's Empire (2000) 169

Paul and Empire: Current Thinking 170

Jesus Christ Is Lord: Exegetical Studies in Paul's Counter-imperial Gospel 173

Gospel 173

Jesus: King and Lord 174

God's Justice Revealed in the Gospel: Romans 178

Paul's Coded Challenge to Empire: Philippians 3 181

Concluding Reflections 188

13 The Letter to the Galatians: Exegesis and Theology (2000) 191

Exegetical Issues 193

Contributions to Systematic Theology 197

Galatians, the Church and the World 204

Galatians: Exegesis and Theology 211

14 The Shape of Justification (2001) 216

15 Coming Home to St Paul? Reading Romans a Hundred Years After Charles Gore (2002) 223

Introduction 224

Gore's Romans: Issues and Questions 224

Paul and the New Covenant 227

Paul, Paganism and Caesar 230

The End of Our Exploring 233

16 Paul and Caesar: A New Reading of Romans (2002) 237

Introduction 237

A Fresh Perspective? 239

Initial Comments 241

Towards a Multi-dimensional Fresh Reading of Paul 244

New Creation, New Covenant: The Heart of Romans 250

Conclusion 254

17 Communion and Koinonia: Pauline Reflections on Tolerance and Boundaries (2002) 255

Introduction: Paul's Context 255

Perspectives on Paul, the Law, 'Tolerance' and Ethics 257

Current Issues in Pauline Perspective 262

Part III Durham 271

18 New Perspectives on Paul (2003) 273

Introduction 273

Understanding Righteousness in Paul: The Central Issues 277

1 The Gospel 278

2 The Righteousness of God 279

3 Final Judgment According to Works 281

4 Ordo Salutis 283

5 Justification 285

Conclusion 289

19 Redemption from the New Perspective? Towards a Multi-layered Pauline Theology of the Cross (2004) 292

Introduction 292

Redemption in Paul 300

Overview 300

Biblical Narratives in the Background 301

The Seven Key Stories, and the Cross within Them 303

Conclusion: The Cross within Paul's Storied World 315

20 Paul as Preacher: The Gospel Then and Now (2007) 317

Paul's Preaching of the Crucified and Risen Jesus Christ as Lord 319

The Challenging News 320

The Overarching Story 320

The Powerful Word Creates Community 322

Paul's Gospel and Caesar's Empire 324

Preaching the Gospel in a Postmodern, Postsecular and Neo-imperial World 325

The Challenging Word 326

The Overarching Narrative 327

The Powerful Word that Creates Community 329

Gospel and Empire 329

Conclusion 330

21 4QMMT and Paul: Justification, 'Works' and Eschatology (2006) 332

The Question 332

Preliminary Observations 335

The Context of Justification: Eschatology and Covenant in MMT and Paul 338

Conclusion: Justification in Qumran and Paul 353

22 Reading Paul, Thinking Scripture: 'Atonement' as a Special Study (2007) 356

Scripture, Doctrine and Life: Some Initial Reflections 356

1 The Puzzle of Perception 356

2 Scripture and Narrative 357

3 Doctrine as 'Portable Story' 359

4 Creeds as Portable Story - and Therefore as Symbol 361

5 Checklists and Follow-the-dots 362

6 What Does 'Listening to Scripture' Actually Mean? 364

Atonement: Narrative, Doctrine, Life 366

1 Introduction 366

2 The Cross in Paul 368

a Where shall 'atonement' be found? 368

b Romans: reading and misreading the cross 369

c Galatians: the cross, the promise and the people of God 374

Scripture, Exegesis, Dogma and Church: Some Pauline Proposals 376

23 'Christ in You, the Hope of Glory' (Colossians 1.27): Eschatology in St Paul (2008) 379

Introduction 380

The 'Hope of Glory' within Second-Temple Judaism 382

Paul's Reworking of the Jewish Eschatology 383

Paul's Eschatology in Its Pagan Context 389

Conclusion 390

24 Romans 9-11 and the 'New Perspective' (2009) 392

Introduction 392

'Seeking to Establish Their Own Righteousness': Romans 10.3 and the Origin of the New Perspective 395

The Covenant Story of God's People 397

Covenant Renewed: Romans 10.6-11 399

Membership for All: Romans 10.12-13; 11.11-32 402

Beyond the New Perspective: Salvation, Covenant, Eschatology 405

25 Whence and Whither Pauline Studies in the Life of the Church? (2010) 407

The Central Symbol: The United Family 410

The New Task: A New Kind of 'Theology' 415

Monotheism Revised 415

Election Revisited 416

Eschatology Re-imagined 418

Conclusion 420

26 Justification: Yesterday, Today and For Ever (2010) 422

Introduction 423

Preliminary Considerations 424

Justification in Context 428

The Language of Justification 430

Exegesis and Exposition 432

Synthesis and System: Past, Present and Future 434

27 Paul and Empire (2010) 439

The Setting 439

The Roman World 439

Ancient Judaism and Pagan Empire 441

Paul within the First Century 443

Introduction 443

Counter-imperial Messages in the Letters? 445

Conclusion 450

Part IV St Andrews 453

28 Mind, Spirit, Soul and Body: All for One and One for All - Reflections on Paul's Anthropology in His Complex Contexts (2011) 455

Questions to the Dominant Dualist Paradigm 457

New Testament Anthropology in Eschatological and Cultural Context 467

A Biblical Contribution to the Mind/Body Problem 471

29 Paul in Current Anglophone Scholarship (2012) 474

Abstract 474

Introduction 474

The New Perspective and Beyond 476

Re-enter Apocalyptic 480

Paul and Politics 483

Paul and the Philosophers 484

Paul and 'Social History' 486

The Theological Task 487

30 Romans 2.17-3.9: A Hidden Clue to the Meaning of Romans? (2012) 489

Introduction 489

Israel's Vocation 490

Romans 2.17-24: A Light to the Gentiles 495

Romans 2.25-29 502

Israel's Vocation in Romans: A Sketch 503

31 Messiahship in Galatians? (2012) 510

Introduction 510

Question and Method 510

The Landscape 515

Vital Statistics 520

Christos as 'Messiah' in Galatians 522

The Fulfills: of the Story 522

Other Messianic Indicators 528

Christos and 'Incorporation' or 'Participation' 529

Messiah and Israel: The Heart of Paul's Participatory Soteriology 533

The Faithful, Crucified, Incarnate Christos 538

Conclusion: Messiahship and Pauline Theology 544

32 Israel's Scriptures in Paul's Narrative Theology (2012) 547

33 Paul and the Patriarch: The Role(s) of Abraham in Galatians and Romans (2013) 554

Introduction 554

How Paul Read Genesis 15 557

The Justification of the Ungodly 564

Abraham in Galatians 3 571

Romans 4.1: The Question which Structures the Chapter 579

Works, Boasting and Forgiveness: Signs of an Older Perspective? 584

Abraham Elsewhere 589

Conclusion 591

Bibliography 593

Works N. T. Wright 593

Other Works 594

Index of Ancient Sources 607

Index of Modern Authors 615

Index of Selected Topics 618