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![A Sanskrit Grammar](http://img.images-bn.com/static/redesign/srcs/images/grey-box.png?v11.8.5)
![A Sanskrit Grammar](http://img.images-bn.com/static/redesign/srcs/images/grey-box.png?v11.8.5)
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Overview
As Latin is key to the study of Western classics, Sanskrit is the gateway to understanding ancient Indian literature. One of the few Sanskrit grammars currently available, this meticulously researched and thoughtfully assembled guide to the language's basics will prove invaluable to students of Indian culture and history. Focusing on the fundamentals of Sanskrit as revealed in literary classics, the text follows the forms and constructions of the older language, as exhibited in the Veda and the Brahmana. It begins with an introduction to the Sanskrit alphabet, followed by a treatment of the accent -- its changes in combination and inflection, and the tone of the individual words. Succeeding chapters discuss declension, conjugation, parts of speech, and formation of compound stems. A helpful appendix, Sanskrit index, and general index conclude the text.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9783368633318 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Outlook Verlag |
Publication date: | 11/24/2023 |
Pages: | 514 |
Product dimensions: | 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.31(d) |
Table of Contents
Preface | iii | |
Introduction | ix | |
I. | Alphabet | 1 |
II. | System of Sounds; Pronunciation | 10 |
Vowels | 10 | |
Consonants | 13 | |
Quantity | 27 | |
Accent | 28 | |
III. | Rules of Euphonic Combination | 34 |
Introductory | 34 | |
Principles | 37 | |
Rules of Vowel Combination | 42 | |
Permitted Finals | 49 | |
Deaspiration | 53 | |
Surd and Sonant Assimilation | 54 | |
Combinations of Final s and r | 56 | |
Conversion of s to s | 61 | |
Conversion of n to n | 54 | |
Conversion of Dental Mutes to Linguals and Palatals | 66 | |
Combinations of Final n | 69 | |
Combinations of Final m | 71 | |
The Palatal Mutes and Sibilant, and h | 72 | |
The Lingual Sibilant | 77 | |
Extension and Abbreviation | 78 | |
Strengthening and Weakening Processes | 81 | |
Guna and Vrddhi | 81 | |
Vowel-lengthening | 84 | |
Vowel-lightening | 85 | |
Nasal Increment | 86 | |
Reduplication | 87 | |
IV. | Declension | 88 |
Gender, Number, Case | 88 | |
Uses of the Cases | 89 | |
Endings of Declension | 103 | |
Variation of Stem | 107 | |
Accent in Declension | 108 | |
V. | Nouns and Adjectives | 111 |
Classification etc. | 111 | |
Declension I. | Stems in a | 112 |
Declension II. | Stems in i and u | 116 |
Declension III. | Stems in Long Vowels (a, i, u): A. Root-words etc. | 124 |
Stems in Diphthongs | 130 | |
B. Derivative Stems etc. | 131 | |
Declension IV. | Stems in r or ar | 137 |
Declension V. | Stems in Consonants | 141 |
A. | Root-stems etc. | 143 |
B. | Derivative Stems in as is, us | 153 |
C. | Derivative Stems in an | 156 |
D. | In in | 161 |
E. | In ant or at | 163 |
F. | Perfect Participles in vans | 169 |
G. | Comparatives in yans or yas | 172 |
Comparison | 173 | |
VI. | Numerals | 177 |
Cardinals | 177 | |
Ordinals etc. | 183 | |
VII. | Pronouns | 185 |
Personal | 185 | |
Demonstrative | 188 | |
Interrogative | 194 | |
Relative | 195 | |
Other Pronouns: Emphatic, Indefinite | 196 | |
Nouns used pronominally | 197 | |
Pronominal Derivatives, Possessives etc. | 197 | |
Adjectives declined pronominally | 199 | |
VIII. | Conjugation | 200 |
Voice, Tense, Mode, Number, Person | 200 | |
Verbal Adjectives and Nouns | 203 | |
Secondary Conjugations | 203 | |
Personal Endings | 204 | |
Subjunctive Mode | 209 | |
Optative | 211 | |
Imperative | 213 | |
Uses of the Modes | 215 | |
Participles | 220 | |
Augment | 220 | |
Reduplication | 222 | |
Accent of the Verb | 223 | |
IX. | The Present-System | 227 |
General | 227 | |
Conjugations and Conjugation Classes | 228 | |
Root-Class (second or ad-class) | 231 | |
Reduplicating Class (third or hu-class) | 242 | |
Nasal Class (seventh or rudh-class) | 250 | |
nu and u-Classes (fifth and eighth, or su- and tan-classes) | 254 | |
na-Class (ninth or kri-class) | 260 | |
a-Class (first or bhu-class) | 264 | |
Accented a-Class (sixth or tud-class) | 269 | |
ya-Class (fourth or div-class) | 271 | |
Accented ya-Class or Passive Conjugation | 275 | |
So-called tenth or cur-class | 277 | |
Uses of the Present and Imperfect | 278 | |
X. | The Perfect-System | 279 |
Perfect Tense | 279 | |
Perfect Participle | 291 | |
Modes of the Perfect | 292 | |
Pluperfect | 295 | |
Uses of the Perfect | 295 | |
XI. | The Aorist-Systems | 297 |
Classification | 297 | |
I. | Simple Aorist | |
1. | Root-Aorist | 299 |
Passive Aorist 3d sing | 304 | |
2. | The a-Aorist | 305 |
II. | ||
3. | Reduplicated Aorist | 308 |
III. | Sibilant Aorist | 313 |
4. | The s-Aorist | 314 |
5. | The is-Aorist | 320 |
6. | The sis-Aorist | 323 |
7. | The sa-Aorist | 325 |
Precative | 326 | |
Uses of the Aorist | 328 | |
XII. | The Future-Systems | 330 |
I. | The s-Future | 331 |
Preterit of the s-Future, Conditional | 334 | |
II. | The Periphrastic Future | 335 |
Uses of the Futures and Conditional | 337 | |
XIII. | Verbal adjectives and Nouns: Participles, Infinitives, Gerunds | 340 |
Passive Participle in ta or na | 340 | |
Past Active Participle in tavant | 344 | |
Future Passive Participles, Gerundives | 345 | |
Infinitives | 347 | |
Uses of the Infinitives | 351 | |
Gerunds | 355 | |
Adverbial Gerund in am | 359 | |
XIV. | Derivative or Secondary Conjugation | 360 |
I. | Passive | 361 |
II. | Intensive | 362 |
Present-System | 365 | |
Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc. | 370 | |
III. | Desiderative | 372 |
Present-System | 374 | |
Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc. | 376 | |
IV. | Causative | 378 |
Present-System | 380 | |
Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc. | 383 | |
V. | Denominative | 386 |
XV. | Periphrastic and Compound Conjugation | 391 |
The Periphrastic Perfect | 392 | |
Participial Periphrastic Phrases | 394 | |
Composition with Prepositional Prefixes | 395 | |
Other Verbal Compounds | 400 | |
XVI. | Indeclinables | 403 |
Adverbs | 403 | |
Prepositions | 414 | |
Conjunctions | 416 | |
Interjections | 417 | |
XVII. | Derivation of Declinable Stems | 418 |
A. | Primary Derivatives | 420 |
B. | Secondary Derivatives | 454 |
XVIII. | Formation of Compound Stems | 480 |
Classification | 480 | |
I. | Copulative Compounds | 485 |
II. | Determinative Compounds | 489 |
A. | Dependent Compounds | 489 |
B. | Descriptive Compounds | 494 |
III. | Secondary Adjective Compounds | 501 |
A. | Possessive Compounds | 501 |
B. | Compounds with Governed Final Member | 511 |
Adjective Compounds as Nouns and as Adverbs | 512 | |
Anomalous Compounds | 514 | |
Stem-finals altered in Composition | 514 | |
Loose Construction with Compounds | 515 | |
Appendix | 516 | |
A. | Examples of Various Sanskrit Type | 516 |
B. | Example of Accentuated Text | 518 |
Synopsis of the conjugation of roots bhu and kr | 520 | |
Sanskrit-Index | 521 | |
General-Index | 540 |
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