A Simple Guide to Hypovolemia, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
A Simple Guide to Hypovolemia, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
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Overview
This book describes Hypovolemia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Hypovolemia is an important disorder which can cause hypotension and hypovolemic shock.
I thought I had written a book about this important condition before.
Apparently I was wrong so I am writing about this condition now.
Hypovolemia indicates a state of low extra-cellular fluid volume in the body, normally due to combined sodium and water loss.
‘Hypo-’ indicates ‘less’.
‘Vol-’ indicates volume while ‘emia-’ indicates blood
Hypovolemia is a reduced volume of blood in the body.
When the hypovolemia is not treated, insufficient blood reaches the vital organs.
These organs may stop functioning and hypovolemic shock happens.
When the body is sufficiently hydrated and there is enough relative fluid volume to fill the circulatory space present, the body systems normally function properly.
When the circulatory space is larger relative to the fluid available, this state is termed hypovolemia.
The lack of volume has an effect on the ability of the body to perfuse the tissues with blood, oxygen, and nutrients.
Inadequate blood perfusion to the organs is termed hypovolemic shock.
It may develop from blood loss or loss of body fluids such as water and salt.
The blood that flows in the arteries, veins and capillaries is liquid.
If the cellular parts of blood (Rbc, Wbc and platelets) are removed, what remains is termed plasma, the straw-colored liquid part of blood.
It is the largest part of blood, making up 55%, comprising 92% water, 7% proteins and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones and vitamins.
Hypovolemia is the loss of this plasma.
If the hypovolemia is due to loss of plasma from the blood vessels to outside of the body, it is termed as absolute hypovolemia.
If it is due to causes other than the fluid loss, it is termed relative hypovolemia.
Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency state where excessive fluid and blood loss happens and induces the heart to pump the blood essential to the body.
This shock can even induce body organs to stop working.
Hypovolemia is the loss of bodily fluid or blood from:
Injury: external cut, burn or wound
Illness: persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
Internal bleeding: blood loss within the body
Dehydration or malnutrition: lack of water and salt intake.
Excessive sweating: Strenuous activities cause sweating for a long time
Frequent symptoms of hypovolemia are:
Fatigue
Dizziness
Thirst
Pale clammy skin
Weakness
Leg cramps
Dry mucous membranes
Rapid breathing
Rapid heart rate
Low blood pressure
Loss of skin elasticity
Reduced urine output
Hypovolemia needs prompt treatment to avoid permanent organ injury and death.
Intravenous fluid resuscitation is the most often treatment for patients in the acute setting.
The purpose of treatment for hypovolemia is to raise the quantity of fluid volume in the body through fluid resuscitation.
Depending on what type of fluid the body needs, the fluid replacement could involve:
Blood transfusion: Blood from a donor replaces lost blood in the body
Crystalloid solution: Tiny molecules of dissolved saline, dextrose or a combination of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium and lactate
Colloids: Large molecules of protein
Besides fluid replacement, the doctor will treat the cause of the hypovolemia which may be:
Treating an infection or illness
Healing a wound
Providing missing nutrients such as sodium or electrolytes
The prognosis is good if treated early
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Hypovolemia
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Capillary Leak Syndrome
Chapter 8 Shock
Epilogue
Product Details
| BN ID: | 2940165941016 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Kenneth Kee |
| Publication date: | 09/28/2022 |
| Sold by: | Smashwords |
| Format: | eBook |
| File size: | 830 KB |
About the Author
Medical doctor since 1972.
Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.
Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.
Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74
However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours in
the afternoon.
He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.
His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com
This autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.
He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.
He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.
The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.
He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.
His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.
The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.
He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) starting
with the Apple computer and going to PC.
The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.
The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.
He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.
His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.
The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.
This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.
Dr Kee is the author of:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
"Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine"
"Case Notes From A Family Doctor"