Active Filters: Theory and Design / Edition 1

by S.A. Pactitis

Overview

Using an accessible yet rigorous approach, Active Filters: Theory and Design highlights the essential role of filters, especially analog active filters, in applications for seismology, brainwave research, speech and hearing studies, and other medical electronics. The book demonstrates how to design filters capable of meeting a given set of specifications.

Recognizing that circuit simulation by computer has become an indispensable verification tool both in analysis and in design, the author emphasizes the use of MicroCap for rapid test of the filter. He uses three basic filter types throughout the book: Butterworth, Chenyshev, and Bessel. These three types of filters are implemented with the Sallen-Key, infinite gain multiple feedback, state-variable, and biquad circuits that yield low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject circuits. The book illustrates many examples of low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and notch active filters in complete detail, including frequency normalizing and denormalizing techniques.

Design equations in each chapter provide students with a thorough grounding in how to implement designs. This detailed theoretical treatment gives you the tools to teach your students how to master filter design and analysis.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780367388386
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	09/05/2019
Pages:	288
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Filters and Signals 1

1.2 Basic Filter Types 2

1.3 The Mathematics of Elementary Filters 5

1.3.1 Butterworth Filters 7

1.3.2 Chebyshev Filters 9

1.3.3 Bessel-Thomson Filters 14

1.3.4 Elliptic or Cauer Filters 17

1.4 Why Active Filters? 17

1.5 Practical Applications 18

1.5.1 Tone Signaling 19

1.5.2 Biofeedback 19

1.5.3 Instrumentation 19

1.5.4 Data Acquisition Systems 19

1.5.5 Audio 19

1.5.6 Lab Signal Sources 19

1.6 The Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS) 19

Chapter 2 Sallen-Key Filters 21

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 Frequency Response Normalization 21

2.3 First-Order Low-Pass Filter 22

2.3.1 Frequency Response 23

2.4 First-Order High-Pass Filter 25

2.4.1 Frequency Response 26

2.5 Second-Order Filters 28

2.6 Low-Pass Filters 31

2.6.1 Frequency Response 32

2.6.2 Design Procedure 34

2.7 High-Pass Hirers 44

2.8 Higher-Order Filters 50

2.9 Wide-Band Filters 60

2.10 Wide-Band Band-Reject Filters 64

2.11 Comments on VCVS Filters 68

2.11.1 Low-Pass Filters 68

2.11.2 High-Pass Filters 69

Problems 70

Chapter 3 MultiFeedback Filters 73

3.1 Low-Pass Filters 73

3.2 High-Pass Filters 78

3.3 Higher-Order Filters 83

3.4 Band-Pass Filters 90

3.4.1 Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter 92

3.4.1.1 Design Procedure 94

3.4.1.2 Frequency Response 95

3.4.2 Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter with Two Op-Amps 102

3.4.2.1 Design Procedure 105

3.4.3 Deliyannis's Band-Pass Filter 107

3.4.3.1 Design Procedure 111

3.5 Band-Reject Filters 114

3.5.1 Wide-Band Band-Reject Filters 114

3.5.2 Narrow-Band Band-Reject Filter 119

3.5.2.1 Design Procedure 121

3.5.3 MFB Narrow-Band Band-Reject Filter 123

3.6 Comments on MFB Filters 126

3.6.1 Low-Pass Filters 126

3.6.2 High-Pass Filters 127

3.6.3 Band-Pass Filters 127

Problems 127

Chapter 4 Filters with Three Op-Amps 129

4.1 State-Variable Filter 129

4.1.1 Low-Pass Filter 130

4.1.1.1 Design Procedure 131

4.1.2 High-Pass Filter 137

4.1.2.1 Design Procedure 138

4.1.3 Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter 149

4.1.3.1 Design Procedure 150

4.2 Biquad Filters 154

4.2.1 Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter 155

4.2.1.1 Design Procedure 157

4.2.2 Low-Pass Filter 159

4.2.2.1 Design Procedure 161

Problems 166

Chapter 5 Sensitivity 169

5.1 Introduction 169

5.2 Some General Properties 171

5.3 Magnitude and Phase Sensitivities 174

5.4 Root Sensitivity 176

Problems 180

Chapter 6 Filters with GIC 183

6.1 Introduction 183

6.2 Generalized Impedance Converters 183

6.3 Low-Pass Filter Design 187

6.4 High-Pass Filter Design 191

6.5 Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter Design 194

6.6 Narrow-Band Band-Reject Filter Design 197

Problems 200

Chapter 7 OTA Filters 203

7.1 Introduction 203

7.2 Single OTA LP Filters with Three Passive Components 204

7.2.1 First-Order Low-Pass Filter 205

7.2.2 First-Order High-Pass Filter 206

7.3 Second-Order Low-Pass Filter 207

7.4 Second-Order LP Filter with Four Passive Components 210

7.5 Second-Order Band-Pass Filter 213

7.6 OTA-C Filter 216

7.7 Some nonIdeal Feature of the OTA 219

Problems 220

Chapter 8 Switched Capacitor Filters 225

8.1 Introduction 225

8.2 The Switched Capacitor Resistors 225

8.3 The Switched Capacitor Integrator 226

8.4 Universal SC Filters 228

8.4.1 The LMF100 Universal SC Filter 228

8.4.1.1 Modes of Operation 229

8.4.1.2 Low-Pass Filter 230

8.4.1.3 High-Pass Filter 232

8.4.1.4 Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter 235

8.5 Practical Limitations of SC Filters 240

Problems 240

Appendix A Node Voltage Network Analysis 247

Appendix B Filter Design Nomograph 251

Appendix C First- and Second-Order Factors of Denominator Polynomial 253

Appendix D Formulas of Normalized Filters 257

Appendix E Element Values for Low-Pass LC Filters 261

Appendix F Coefficients of Denominator Polynomial 265

Bibliography 269

Index 271