Table of Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Table of Cases xi
Table of Legislation xxi
1 A Question About Administrative Law 1
I Jurisdictional Error 2
II Judicial Deference 5
III The Argument in Brief 10
2 Rethinking the Diceyan Dialectic 14
I The Diceyan Dialectic 16
II Rethinking the Diceyan Dialectic 27
A Berlin's Dilemma 28
B Dicey's Dilemma 31
III Revisiting the Question about Administrative Law 38
3 The Legacy of the Diceyan Dialectic 42
I Jurisdictional Error and the Diceyan Dialectic 44
A Deference as Submission 49
B Correctness Review 54
II Judicial Review and Public Law Theory 58
A The Textbook Tradition 59
B Functionalism and the Political Constitution 65
C Recycling the Dialectic: The Ultra Vires Debate 70
III Proportionality and Judicial Deference 73
A Proportionality and Submissive Deference 80
B Proportionality and Correctness Review 85
IV Conclusion 86
4 Constitutionalism, Judicial Restraint, and Administrative Law 90
I Constitutionalism and Judicial Restraint 94
A Democratic Constitutionalism 94
B Pragmatic Constitutionalism 103
II Judicial Restraint and Administrative Law 114
A Contextual Constitutionalism and the Administrative State 114
B Functionalism, Due Process, and Administrative Law 123
III Conclusion 134
5 From Formalism to Reasonable Justification: The Transformation of Canadian Administrative Law 138
I The Formal and Conceptual Era 141
A The Constitution and the Administrative State 142
B Jurisdictional Error 148
II The Pragmatic and Functional Era 156
A Procedural Fairness 159
B Judicial Deference 162
C A Constitutional Right to judicial Review 165
D Deference and Constitutional Rights 167
E Fairness and Reasonable Justification 171
III The Dis-Functional Era 175
IV Conclusion 180
6 Authority, Legitimacy, and Legality in Administrative Law 184
I Legitimate Authority and the Administrative State 188
A Law and Legitimate Authority 191
B Democratic Legitimacy and Legislative Authority 194
C Legislative Authority and Institutional Settlement 198
D Reciprocity and Democratic Legitimacy 201
II Legality and the Legitimacy of Administrative Law 207
A Formal Legality 211
B Legality as Fairness 214
C Legality as Reasonable Justification 217
III Administrative Law and Judicial Deference 221
Bibliography 224
Index 245
