Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION viii
Chapter 1 SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY 1Quality of Life Benefits 7Finite Fossil Fuel Resources 8Greenhouse Gases 10Profits and Savings from Energy Efficiency 11Site-to-Source Effect 12New LEED Version 2009 13Per Capita Energy Consumption 14Building Energy End-Use Splits, People Use Energy 15Carbon Footprint 17Funding Opportunities 19
Chapter 2 RADIANT COOLING 21History 21Introduction 23Why Radiant Cooling? 26Applications 28Radiant Cooling and Historic Preservation 39
Chapter 3 DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION 41History 41Introduction 42Conventional or Mixed-Air Systems 42Difference Between Displacement and Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) 47Applications 48Large Public Spaces (Cafeterias, Dining Halls, Exhibit Spaces) 48
Chapter 4 CHILLED BEAMS 61Principle of Operation and Technology 62Benefits of Chilled Beams 63Types of Chilled Beams 67Chilled Beam Applications 72Chilled Beam Use with Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Applications 78
Chapter 5 UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION (UFAD) 83Validation of UFAD Designs with CFD Analysis 91Impact on Buildings 95Chapter 6 DISPLACEMENT INDUCTION UNITS (DIU) 101Benefits of Displacement Induction Units 103History of Induction Units 106Applications 107
Chapter 7 HIGH-PERFORMANCE ENVELOPE 115Engaging and Nonengaging Envelopes 116High-Performance Envelope Definition 117Most Common Energy Codes: ANSI and ASHRAE 90.1 118Glazing Characteristics 123How to Exceed the Mandatory Code Performance 128
Chapter 8 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 145Renewable Energy Storage 146Conventional Air Conditioning Systems 153Nonrenewable Energy Storage 156
Chapter 9 SOLAR ENERGY AND NET-ZERO BUILDINGS 163Net-Zero Step 1: Harvesting Solar Energy 166Solar Energy in Net-Zero Buildings 177Net-Zero Step 2: Improve Energy Efficiency of the Building and Its Mechanical and Electrical Systems 181Net-Zero Step 3: Reduce Consumption 183
Chapter 10 GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS 185Introduction 185Geothermal Heat Pumps 190Types of Heat Pumps 198
Chapter 11 COGENERATION 205Other Applications of Cogeneration 207Cogeneration Technologies 211Micro-Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (Micro-CHP) 221
Chapter 12 DATA CENTER SUSTAINABILITY 223History of Data Centers 2242011: Top Ten Trends in Data Centers 225Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) 226Technologies That Can Benefit Data Center Efficiency 230Office Building Applications 234Air Management in the Data Center 237
INDEX 239