Table of Contents
ONE Heart sound fundamentals1 THE HEART AND AUSCULTATIONPretest, Anatomy and physiology, Traditional auscultatory areas, Alternative auscultatory areas, Auscultatory techniques, Enhancement techniques, Posttest2 HEART SOUND DYNAMICSPretest, Heart sound origins, Basic heart sounds, Depolarization and repolarization, Documenting heart sounds, PosttestTWO Normal heart sounds3 THE FIRST HEART SOUNDPretest, Normal S1, Abnormal S1 split, Posttest4 THE SECOND HEART SOUNDPretest, Normal S2, S2 split sounds, Posttest5 THE THIRD AND FOURTH HEART SOUNDSPretest, Ventricular filling sounds, Third heart sound, Fourth heart sound, S3 and S4: Similarities and differences, PosttestTHREE Abnormal heart sounds6 OTHER DIASTOLIC AND SYSTOLIC SOUNDSPretest, Opening snaps, Systolic ejection sounds, Posttest7 MURMUR FUNDAMENTALSPretest, Turbulent blood flow, Characteristics, Posttest8 SYSTOLIC MURMURSPretest, Anatomy and physiology, Systolic ejection murmurs, Ventricular outflow obstruction murmurs, Systolic regurgitation murmurs, Ventricular septal defect murmur, Posttest9 DIASTOLIC MURMURSPretest, Anatomy and physiology, Aortic regurgitation murmurs, Pulmonic regurgitation murmurs, Other diastolic murmurs, Posttest10 CONTINUOUS MURMURSPretest, Two causes, Cervical venous hum murmurs, Patent ductus arteriosus murmurs, Posttest11 OTHER AUSCULTATORY SOUNDSPretest, Prosthetic valve sounds and murmurs, Aortic prosthetic valves, Mitral prosthetic valves, Pericardial friction rubs, Mediastinal crunch, PosttestFOUR Breath sound fundamentals12 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND AUSCULTATIONPretest, Anatomy and physiology, The mechanics of breathing, Auscultatory areas, Auscultatory techniques, Posttest13 INTRODUCTION TO BREATH SOUNDSPretest, Breath sound production, Terminology, Documenting auscultation findings, Posttest "FIVE Normal breath sounds14 BREATH SOUNDS HEARD IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALSPretest, Anatomy and physiology, PosttestSIX Abnormal breath sounds15 BRONCHIAL BREATH SOUNDSPretest, Sound production, Posttest16 ABNORMAL VOICE SOUNDSPretest, Sound production, Posttest17 ABSENT AND DIMINISHED BREATH SOUNDSPretest, Sound production, Posttest "SEVEN Other abnormal breath sounds18 CLASSIFYING ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDSPretest, Confusion over terminology, Current classification system, Posttest19 ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDS: CRACKLESPretest, Sound production, Documentation, Late inspiratory crackles, Early inspiratory and expiratory crackles, Pleural crackles, Posttest20 ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDS: WHEEZESPretest, Sound production, Expiratory polyphonic wheezes, Fixed monophonic wheezes, Sequential inspiratory wheezes, Random monophonic wheezes, Stridor, PosttestAuscultation findings for common disordersAssessment flowcharts for common auscultation findingsEnglish-Spanish phrases used in cardiac and respiratory assessmentPosttest answersSelected readingsGlossaryIndex