Brain Mapping: The Disorders: The Disorders
669
Brain Mapping: The Disorders: The Disorders
669eBook
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Overview
- Provides a comprehensive, in-depth view of the current brain mapping techniques as they are used in the evaluation of patients with cerebral disorders
- Heavily illustrated to provide actual examples of the use of the specific techniques
- Includes contributions from the leaders in the field ensure authoritative and up-to-date material
- Completes the trilogy of three brain mapping texts dealing, respectively, with the methods, the applications of these methods in the normal brain and in patients with neurological, neurosurgical, and psychiatric disorders
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780080528267 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Elsevier Science |
| Publication date: | 05/24/2000 |
| Series: | Brain Mapping: The Trilogy |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 669 |
| File size: | 47 MB |
| Note: | This product may take a few minutes to download. |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Contributors.Foreword.
Preface.
Background and Technical Issues:
The Study of Human Disease with Brain Mapping Methods, J.C. Mazziotta and R.S.J. Frackowiak.
Experimental Design and Statistical Issues, K.J. Friston.
Preoperative Brain Mapping, J.C. Mazziotta.
Intraoperative Brain Mapping, A.W. Toga, G.A. Ojemann, J.G. Ojemann, and A.F. Cannestra.
Intraoperative Visualization, R. Kikinis, N.R. Mehta, A. Nabavi, E. Chatzidakis, S. Warfield, D. Gering, N. Weisenfeld, R.S. Pergolizzi, Jr., R.B. Schwartz, N. Hata, W. Wells III, E. Grimson, P. McL. Black, and F.A. Jolesz.
Disease-Specific Brain Atlases, P.M. Thompson, M.S. Mega, and A.W. Toga.
Neurological Disorders:
Functional Imaging Studies of Aphasia, C.J. Price.
The Functional Neuroimaging of Memory Disorders, P.C. Fletcher.
Brain Mapping in Dementia, M.S. Mega, P.M. Thompson, A.W. Toga, and J.L. Cummings.
Movement Disorders: Parkinson's Disease, D. Eidelberg, C. Edwards, M. Mentis, V. Dhawan, and J.R. Moeller.
Movement Disorders: Other Hypokinetic Disorders, D.J. Brooks.
Functional Imaging in Hyperkinetic Disorders, G. Sawle.
Functional Imaging in Vascular Disorders, J.C. Baron and G. Marchal.
The Eilepsies, J.S. Duncan.
MRI in Multiple Sclerosis, G. Zhao, D.K.B. Li, and D. Paty.
Structural and Functional Imaging of Cerebral Neoplasia, J.R. Alger and T.F. Cloughesy.
Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Cerebellum, S. Gilman, M. Heumann, and L. Junck.
Pediatric Disorders:
Dyslexia and Related Learning Disorders: Recent Advances from Brain Imaging Studies, M. Habib and J.-F. Démonet.
Psychatric Disorders:
Depression, H.S. Mayberg.
The Neurobiology of Anxiety and Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Functional Neuroimaging Perspective, P. Chua and R.J. Dolan.
Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Schizophrenia, S.-J. Blakemore and C.D. Frith.
Addictive States, F.W. Telang and N.D. Volkow.
Therapeutics and Recovery of Function:
Plasticity, M. Hallett.
Recovery of Neurological Function, F. Chollet and C. Weiller.
Therapeutics: Pharmacologic, W.H. Theodore.
Therapeutics: Surgical, R.S. Turner, T. Henry, and S.T. Grafton.
Index.
Foreword
As might be expected, Drs. Toga and Mazziotta first and effectively justify the obvious concept that maps need not be confined to planar structures alone. They describe maps as large or small, as selecting one color against another, as looking at surfaces instead of what's inside, as being macroscopic or microscopic, as being electrical or structural, and as mappings of whatever other functions can be found to be potentially useful when related to each other in brain function. The sometimes witty outcome of all this is, "Give me a neurological circuit containing three or more points and I'll figure a way to convert it into a map."
Drs. Toga and Mazziotta and many other contributors have ingeniously taken over the formidable task of translating the brain into a functionally useful group of dynamic maps. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, formed by evolved selection and despite its almost infinite opportunities for permanent destruction, the human brain, millennium by millennium, started slowly to stitch itself together and gradually develop its present environmentally adapted and forward-seeing capabilities. Concurrently, the brain has automatically developed and generated the orderly ways and logical thoughts that progressively create growing minds, which themselves will bring intellectual surprises as the planet opens the twenty-first century. These functional brain patterns currently can often be mapped by investigators as the recognized origins of many different forms of behavior. They also serve, to a limited degree, as generators of thoughts and expressions of mind. Understanding and describing these brain expressions and analyzing just how they generate ideas and actions provide humankind with the needed clues to understand incoming information and apply it to regulate both mind and generated behavior.
The second volume of the trilogy is The Systems. Lucid descriptions and great insight span the opening few chapters, which discuss the early history of gross neuroanatomy as well as summarizing the many modern days, months, and years that it took to construct an accurate functional brain map. The remaining parts of the second volume explain in literate, thorough terms the details and images that paint the quantitative as well as qualitative dimensions of the human brain's functional neuroanatomy. Additional discussions describe images of cognitive systems, ontology, aging, learning, and adult plasticity. What a treat!
The third volume brings us to Brain Mapping: The Disorders, formulated and edited by Drs. Mazziotta, Toga, and Frackowiak. It provides the meat of the trilogy for clinical neurologists. The third volume begins with chapters dedicated to background and technical issues. Drs. Mazziotta and Frackowiak initiate this discussion, focusing on the overall use of brain mapping to understand more about human disease and its potential treatments. Karl Friston describes the principles of experimental design and statistical issues, after which Drs. Mazziotta and Toga carry brain mapping into the neurosurgical suite. Notable neurosurgeons and neuroscientists then describe different parts of the technology and application of brain mapping as used in intraoperative procedures and intraoperative visualization. Dr. Paul Thompson provides the last chapter in this section in the form of disease-specific brain atlases.
The next 11 chapters devote their contents to semi-chronic and chronic neurological disorders. The specific, collective topics include aphasia, memory disorders, and dementia; movement disorders; vascular disorders; epilepsy; multiple sclerosis; brain cancer; degenerative cerebellar disorders; and psychiatric disorders. The final section discusses therapeutics and recovery of function; it includes plasticity, natural recovery, and neuropharmalogic and surgical therapeutics.
It has been widely and wisely observed that during the past 20 years or so, two major processes have revolutionized the fundamental futures of medicine and neuroscience at both a fundamental and a clinical level. The first of these truisms traces to Watson and Crick's 1953 discovery of the double helix. The ultimate outcome of that finding has generated the increasing emphasis and success of today's discoveries of genetically influenced cell-molecular medicine. The second great appearance was Hounsfield's 1971 (Nobel-awarded) discovery of being able to image the gross anatomy of the living brain safely and painlessly, using computed axial tomography (CAT scanning). Shortly thereafter, other investigators employed isotope techniques to extend and modify dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) to identify the brain's patterns of metabolism during normal or abnormal functional activity. Earlier, Block and Purcell in 1973 (also Nobel winners) had developed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a technique for identifying the behavior of protons in magnetic fields. Subsequently, Lautebur (1973) modified the technique in order to produce biologically adaptable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (see Brain Mapping: The Systems, Chapter 2, by Marcus Raichle).
The point of the preceding paragraph is that molecular genetics and brain mapping have produced two totally different but revolutionary approaches that have already improved patient care and survival in many instances. Nevertheless, brain function must be indispensably dependent upon cell-molecular mechanisms. Brain imaging, on the other hand, currently focuses on identifying the presence of normal or abnormal structural appearances in patients suffering somatic or psychological symptoms. Some current imaging pioneers seek abnormal brain patterns as markers for either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia but consistent abnormalities appear very few. What has prospered has been the strong surge of cognitive neuroscientists who can develop strict paradigms for challenging voluntary subjects and concurrently mapping their brains. The results, for the first time in history, reveal at least fragments of how the thinking brain many generate functional activities in response to selective stimuli. Also, we have begun to register brain patterns in response to certain kinds of problem solving. These most recent steps in mapping the brain, of course, have brought cognitive neuroscientists closer and closer to the study of not just how the brain works but how it expresses a great many aspects of the normal or abnormal human mind. I hope Drs. Mazziotta, Toga, and Frackowiak can be persuaded to assembly one more beautiful Brain Mapping volume addressing the brain mechanisms that generate normal and abnormal minds.
Fred Plum