Table of Contents
1 Petrophysical Rock Properties.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Porosity.- 1.3 Permeability.- 1.4 Capillary Properties and Fluid Distribution.- 1.5 Relative Permeability.- 1.6 Summary.- References.- 2 Rock-Fabric, Petrophysical Parameters, and Classification.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Pore Space Terminology and Classification.- 2.3 Rock-Fabric/Petrophysical Classification.- 2.3.1 Classification of Interparticle Pore Space.- 2.3.2 Classification of Vuggy Pore Space.- 2.3.2.1 Separate-Vug Pore Space.- 2.3.2.2 Touching-Vug Pore Space.- 2.4 Rock-Fabric/Petrophysical Relationships.- 2.4.1 Interparticle Porosity/Permeability Relationships.- 2.4.1.1 Limestone Rock Fabrics.- 2.4.1.2 Dolomite Rock Fabrics.- 2.4.1.3 Limestone and Dolomite Comparison.- 2.4.1.4 Unusual Types of Interparticle Porosity.- 2.4.2 Interparticle Porosity/Water Saturation Relationships.- 2.4.3 Rock-Fabric/Petrophysical Classes.- 2.4.4 Petrophysics of Separate-Vug Pore Space.- 2.4.5 Petrophysics of Touching-Vug Pore Space.- 2.5 Summary.- References.- 3 Rock-Fabric/Petrophysical Properties from Core Description and Wireline Logs: The One-Dimensional Approach.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Core Description.- 3.3 Core Analysis.- 3.4 Core/Log Calibration.- 3.4.1 Procedures for Core-Log Calibration.- 3.4.2 Gamma-Ray Logs and Depositional Textures.- 3.4.3 Borehole Environment.- 3.4.4 Neutron/Density Logs and Rock Fabric.- 3.4.5 Acoustic Logs, Interparticle Porosity, and Vuggy Porosity.- 3.4.6 Resistivity/Induction Logs and Rock Fabrics.- 3.4.7 Formation Imaging Logs and Vuggy Pore Space.- 3.4.8 Permeability from Wireline Logs, the Rock-Fabric Method.- 3.5 Summary.- References.- 4 Origin and Distribution of Depositional Textures and Petrophysical Properties: The Three-Dimensional Approach.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Textures, Mineralogy, and Petrophysical Properties of Carbonate Sediments.- 4.3 Spatial Distribution of Textures and Petrophysical Properties.- 4.3.1 High-Frequency Cycles and Facies Progression.- 4.3.2 High-Frequency Sequence.- 4.4 Example.- 4.5 Summary.- References.- 5 Diagenetic Overprinting and Rock-Fabric Distribution: The Cementation, Compaction, and Selective Dissolution Environment.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Cementation/Compaction/Selective Dissolution.- 5.2.1 Calcium Carbonate Cementation.- 5.2.2 Compaction.- 5.2.3 Selective Dissolution.- 5.2.4 Effects on Petrophysical Properties Distribution.- 5.3 Reservoir Examples.- 5.3.1 Ghawar (Jurassic) Field, Saudi Arabia.- 5.3.2 Tubarao (Cretaceous) Field, Offshore Brazil.- 5.3.3 Mississippian Chester Oolite, Oklahoma, USA.- 5.3.4 Upper Devonian Reef Buildups, Alberta, Canada.- 5.3.5 Moldic Grainstone, Permian, Guadalupe Mountains, USA.- References.- 6 Diagenetic Overprinting and Rock-Fabric Distribution: The Dolomitization/Evaporite-Mineralization Environment.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Dolomitization/Evaporite Mineralization.- 6.2.1 Dolomitization.- 6.2.1.1 Calcitization of Dolomite.- 6.2.2 Evaporite Mineralization.- 6.2.2.1 Calcitization of Anhydrite/Gypsum.- 6.2.3 Effects on Petrophysical Properties Distribution.- 6.3 Reservoir Examples.- 6.3.1 Red River Reservoirs, Montana and North Dakota.- 6.3.2 Andrews South Devonian Field, West Texas.- 6.3.3 Flanagan (Upper Clear Fork) Field, West Texas.- References.- 7 Diagenetic Overprinting and Rock-Fabric Distribution: The Massive Dissolution, Collapse and Fracturing Environment.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Massive Dissolution, Collapse, and Fracturing.- 7.2.1 Effects on Petrophysical Properties Distribution.- 7.3 Reservoir Examples.- 7.3.1 San Andres Fields, West Texas.- 7.3.2 Elk Basin Field, Wyoming-Montana.- 7.3.3 Ellenburger Fields, West Texas.- 7.3.4 Northern Michigan Silurian Reef Fields, Michigan.- References.- 8 Reservoir Models for Input into Flow Simulators.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Geostatistical Methods.- 8.2.1 Introduction.- 8.2.2 Variograms.- 8.2.2.1 Variography.- 8.2.2.2 Conditional Simulation.- 8.3 Scale of Variability and Average Properties.- 8.4 Rock-Fabric Reservoir Models.- 8.4.1 Lawyer Canyon Reservoir Analog Study.- 8.4.1.1 Model Construction.- 8.4.1.2 Fluid Flow Experiments.- 8.5 Reservoir Model Construction Using the Rock-Fabric Facies Method.- 8.5.1 Construction of Rock-Fabric Layers.- 8.6 Field Example: Seminole San Andres Unit, Gaines County, Texas.- 8.6.1 Introduction.- 8.6.2 Seminole Field and Geological Setting.- 8.6.3 Rock Fabric-Petrophysical Relationships.- 8.6.4 Vertical Succession of Rock Fabrics and Depositional Textures from Core.- 8.6.5 Sequence Stratigraphy.- 8.6.6 Wireline Log Analysis.- 8.6.6.1 Introduction.- 8.6.6.2 Porosity.- 8.6.6.3 Separate-Vug Porosity.- 8.6.6.4 Water Saturation.- 8.6.6.5 Particle Size and Sorting.- 8.6.6.6 Permeability.- 8.6.7 Reservoir Model Construction.- 8.6.7.1 Rock-Fabric Flow Units.- 8.6.7.2 Reservoir Model.- 8.6.8 Simulation Results.- References.
