Carriage of Goods by Sea

by Stephen Girvin

Overview

Carriage of Goods by Sea provides an extensive comparative analysis of the carriage of goods by sea, examining the principles, regulation, responsibilities, obligations, and immunities within this area of English law, and other common law jurisdictions, in a single volume. The book covers all necessary aspects for understanding the law of carriage by sea. These include: an essential overview of the business of shipping; a core group of chapters on the various functions of bills of lading and other documents of carriage; the international and domestic regulation of carriage; analysis of the major conventions (the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules, and the Rotterdam Rules); and explanation of the shippers' responsibilities, both at common law and under the international conventions. Later chapters are concerned with the obligations of the carrier, and the rights and immunities of the carrier, again at common law, and under the international conventions. The book concludes by examining charterparties, as well as including chapters on frustration and damages. The third edition provides a thorough update from the publication of the previous edition in 2011 including new bills of lading, major Commonwealth developments impacting on the law in this field, and UK Supreme Court decisions such as Volcafe Ltd v Compania Sud Americana de Vapores SA (Trading as CSAV) [2018] UKSC 61, The Ocean Victory [2017] UKSC 35, and The Kos [2012] UKSC 17. The new edition also includes a new chapter relating to damages.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780192539939
Publisher:	OUP Oxford
Publication date:	05/04/2022
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	1024
File size:	97 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Professor Stephen Girvin is a tenured full Professor of Law at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and MPA Professor of Maritime Law. He was appointed as the Director of the Centre for Maritime Law in 2015 and has taught previously at Aberdeen, Nottingham, and Birmingham Universities. He is co-editor of Maritime Management, Organization and Liability: A Legal Analysis of New Challenges in the Maritime Industry (Hart Publishing, 2021) with Vibe Ulfbeck, a co-author of Carver on Charterparties 2nd edn (Sweet&Maxwell, 2021), and Marsden's Collisions at Sea 14th edn (Sweet&Maxwell, 2016).

Table of Contents

Table of Cases     xxiii
Table of Legislation     lix
Bibliography     lxxi
List of Abbreviations     lxxv
Introduction
The Business of Carriage of Goods
Introduction     1.01
Cargoes     1.02
Vessels     1.12
Parties     1.22
Contracts     1.32
Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Carriage
Shipping Documents Issued before Shipment
Introduction     2.01
Liner Booking Notes     2.02
Tally Clerk's Receipts     2.14
Mate's Receipts     2.19
Types of Bills of Lading
Introduction     3.01
Historical Background     3.02
Liner Bills of Lading     3.06
Straight Bills of Lading     3.08
Charterparty Bills of Lading     3.11
Freight Forwarders' Bills of Lading     3.13
Through (Combined Transport) Bills of Lading     3.21
Multimodal Transport and Bills of Lading     3.22
Other Documents of Carriage
Introduction     4.01
Sea Waybills     4.02
Ship's Delivery Orders     4.13
Issue and Transfer of Bills of Lading
Introduction     5.01
Issue of Bills of Lading     5.02
Transfer of Bills of Lading     5.11
The Bill of Lading as a Receipt for the Goods Shipped
Introduction     6.01
Statements on the Face of the Bill of Lading     6.02
Quantity or Weight     6.04
Condition     6.15
Leading Marks     6.20
Receipt and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992     6.23
Endorsements and Indemnities     6.27
The Master's Role in Clausing the Bills of Lading     6.33
The Bill of Lading as Evidence of the Contract of Carriage
Introduction     7.01
Bills of Lading between Shippers and Shipowners     7.02
Where a Charterer Holds a Bill of Lading     7.08
The Position of a Transferee     7.11
The Bill of Lading as a Document of Title
Introduction     8.01
Common Law Principles     8.02
Documents of Title under Statute     8.08
Transfer of Bills of Lading and Earlier Statutory Remedies     8.10
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992     8.16
Spent Bills of Lading     8.28
Third Parties and Bill of Lading Terms
Introduction     9.01
Implied Contracts     9.02
Tort     9.09
The Special Contract     9.12
Bailment      9.14
Himalaya Clauses     9.23
The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999     9.31
The Carriers' Delivery Obligation
Introduction     10.01
The General Principles     10.02
Delivery and Forged Bills of Lading     10.07
Delivery and Express Terms     10.08
Delivery: Modified by Custom?     10.10
Delivery: Straight Bills of Lading     10.12
Delivery: Sea Waybills     10.18
Delivery against Letters of Indemnity     10.19
Failure to Take Delivery     10.23
Consequences of Wrongful Delivery     10.25
Alterations of Delivery Obligations and Other Problems
Introduction     11.01
Problems Associated with the Commencement of Carriage     11.02
Correction or Amendment of the Bills of Lading after Signature     11.08
Switch Bills of Lading     11.11
Charterparties and Their Relationship with Bills of Lading
Introduction     12.01
Background     12.02
Bills of Lading in the Hands of the Charterer     12.03
Who Is the Carrier?     12.08
Incorporation of Charterparty Terms     12.15
Bills of Lading Transferred to a Third Party     12.26
Paperless Trading
Introduction      13.01
Background     13.02
Seadocs     13.06
The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading     13.09
The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce     13.16
The Bolero Project     13.20
International and Domestic Regulation
Domestic Legislation on Cargo Liability
Introduction     14.01
The Basic Liability of the Carrier     14.02
The Harter Act     14.05
Legislation in Other Countries     14.10
The Rise of International Regulation
Introduction     15.01
Early Developments     15.02
Hague Rules     15.04
Visby Protocol     15.14
SDR Protocol     15.22
The Movement to the Hamburg Rules
Introduction     16.01
Background     16.02
The Hamburg Conference     16.06
Hybrid Carriage Regimes and International Uniformity
Introduction     17.01
The Move to Domestic Solutions     17.02
New Movements towards Uniformity     17.08
The UNCITRAL Draft Convention     17.11
The Legal Effect and Interpretation of the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules
Introduction     18.01
The Legal Effect of the Hague Rules     18.02
The Legal Effect of the Hague-Visby Rules     18.07
Contractual Freedom     18.12
Interpretation of the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules     18.18
The Scope and Application of the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules
Introduction     19.01
General Scope of Coverage     19.02
Operational Coverage     19.04
Period of Coverage     19.10
Voyages Covered     19.14
Carriers     19.17
Vessels     19.18
Documents     19.19
Charterparties and the Rules     19.26
Cargoes Excluded     19.27
Shipment of Particular Goods     19.35
Additional Responsibilities     19.37
No Derogation from the Rules     19.39
Paramount Clauses     19.51
The Responsibilities of the Shipper
Shipper's Common Law Obligations
Introduction     20.01
Obligations at Common Law     20.02
Dangerous Cargoes     20.06
The Obligation to Nominate a Safe Port     20.21
Freight
Introduction     21.01
The Basic Obligation     21.02
Freight at Common Law     21.05
Calculation of Freight     21.07
Deductions from Freight     21.10
Advance Freight      21.15
Lump Sum Freight     21.25
Pro Rata Freight     21.28
Back Freight     21.31
Dead Freight     21.32
Payment of Freight     21.35
Shipper's Obligations and Immunities under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules
Introduction     22.01
Shipper's Guarantee of Particulars     22.02
Notice of Loss or Damage     22.08
Shipment of Dangerous Cargoes     22.11
The Obligations of the Carrier
Seaworthiness
Introduction     23.01
The Common Law Obligation     23.02
Meaning of Seaworthiness     23.03
Nature of the Obligation     23.05
Extent of the Obligation     23.10
Burden of Proof and Causation     23.15
Effect of Unseaworthiness     23.18
Express Seaworthiness Clauses     23.22
Exempting Clauses     23.26
Deviation
Introduction     24.01
Meaning     24.02
Justifiable Deviations     24.06
Liberty Clauses     24.12
Effect of Unjustifiable Deviation     24.16
Reasonable Despatch
Introduction     25.01
Common Law     25.02
Express Clauses     25.04
The Carriers Obligations under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules
Introduction     26.01
Issue of Bills of Lading     26.02
Seaworthiness     26.15
Due Care     26.35
Deviation     26.44
The Rights and Immunities of the Carrier
Liens
Introduction     27.01
Types of Liens     27.02
Liens at Common Law     27.05
Express Contractual Liens over Cargo     27.12
Liens over Sub-Freights     27.19
Cesser Clauses     27.27
Exclusion of Liability under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules
Introduction     28.01
Exemptions in the Carrier's Favour     28.02
Servants and Agents     28.48
Limitation of Liability
Introduction     29.01
Background to Limitation     29.02
Package Limitation     29.06
Global Limitation     29.29
Earlier International Conventions     29.34
The International Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976 (LLMC)     29.37
The 1996 Protocol to the Convention     29.60
Conflicts between Jurisdictions     29.65
Charterparties
Voyage Charterparties
Introduction     30.01
The Gencon 1994 Charterparty     30.02
The Asbatankvoy Charterparty     30.07
Performance Clauses     30.09
The Preliminary Voyage     30.10
The Loading Operation     30.25
The Carrying Voyage     30.36
The Discharging Operation     30.37
Laytime and Demurrage
Introduction     31.01
Commencement of Laytime     31.02
The Arrived Ship     31.05
Charterparty Provisions Shifting the Risk of Delay     31.11
Readiness to Load or Discharge     31.25
Calculation of Laytime     31.41
Suspension of Laytime     31.50
Demurrage     31.56
Damages for Detention     31.63
Despatch Money     31.64
Time Charterparties
Introduction     32.01
The NYPE 93 Charterparty     32.02
The Shelltime 4 Charterparty     32.04
Description of the Vessel     32.06
Delivery     32.20
Period of Hire     32.32
Payment for Hire     32.47
The Off-Hire Clause     32.53
Deductions from Hire     32.66
Right to Withdraw for Non-Payment of Hire     32.68
Employment and Agency Clause     32.81
Liability for Loss or Damage to Cargo      32.96
The Inter-Club Agreement     32.100
Redelivery of the Vessel     32.117
Cargo Claims
Frustration
Introduction     33.01
Frustration and Contracts of Carriage of Goods by Sea     33.02
Types of Frustration     33.04
Factors     33.12
Burden of Proof     33.18
Effect of Frustration     33.19
Limitation Periods
Introduction     34.01
Domestic Law Provisions     34.02
Under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules     34.03
Admiralty Claims
Introduction     35.01
Historical Background     35.02
Statutory Framework     35.08
Subject Matter     35.24
The Exercise of Admiralty Jurisdiction     35.34
Property against which an Action In Rem May Be Brought     35.50
Statutes     591
Standard Forms     605
Signatories to Conventions     631
Index     643