Chemistry of High-Energy Materials

by Thomas M. Klapötke

Overview

The 6th revised edition expands with new research developments, including new melt casts, reactive structure materials, a computational study on the detonation velocity of mixtures of solid explosives with non-explosive liquids, calculation of craters after explosions. This work is of interest to advanced students in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as to all those working in military and defense technology.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783110739497
Publisher:	De Gruyter
Publication date:	08/01/2022
Series:	De Gruyter Textbook
Edition description:	6th, Revised and Extended Edition
Pages:	534
Product dimensions:	6.69(w) x 9.45(h) x (d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Thomas M. Klapötke, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Historical Overview 1

1.2 New Developments 7

1.2.1 Polymer-Bonded Explosives 7

1.2.2 New High (Secondary) Explosives 9

1.2.3 New Primary Explosives 18

1.2.4 New Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Motors 21

1.3 Definitions 24

1.4 Combustion, Deflagration, Detonation - A Short Introduction 28

1.4.1 Fire and Combustion 28

1.4.2 Deflagration and Detonation 31

2 Classification of Energetic Materials 33

2.1 Primary Explosives 33

2.2 High (Secondary) Explosives 35

2.3 Propellant Charges 42

2.4 Rocket Propellants 44

2.4.1 Chemical Thermal Propulsion (CTP) 55

2.5 Pyrotechnics 56

2.5.1 Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics 56

2.5.2 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics 59

2.5.3 Decoy Flares 65

2.5.4 Smoke Munitions 71

2.5.5 Near-Infrared (NIR) Compositions 77

3 Detonation, Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure 79

4 Thermodynamics 83

4.1 Theoretical Basis 83

4.2 Computational Methods 89

4.2.1 Thermodynamics 89

4.2.2 Detonation Parameters 92

4.2.3 Combustion Parameters 96

4.2.4 Example: Theoretical Evaluation of New Solid Rocket Propellants 101

4.2.5 Example: EXPLO5 Calculation of the Gun Propellant Properties of Single, Double and Triple Base Propellants 108

5 Initiation 111

6 Experimental Characterization of Explosives 115

6.1 Sensitivities 115

6.2 Long-Term Stabilities 120

6.3 Insensitive Munitions 122

6.4 Gap Test 124

6.5 Classification 125

7 Special Aspects of Explosives 129

7.1 Shaped Charges 129

7.2 Detonation Velocities 135

7.3 Gurney Model 140

7.3.1 Example: Calculation of the Gurney Velocity for a General Purpose Bomb 145

8 Correlation between the Electrostatic Potential and the Impact Sensitivity 147

8.1 Electrostatic Potentials 147

8.2 Volume-Based Sensitivities 150

9 Design of Novel Energetic Materials 153

9.1 Classification 153

9.2 Polynitrogen Compounds 155

9.3 High-Nitrogen Compounds 160

9.3.1 Tetrazole and Denitramide Chemistry 161

9.3.2 Tetrazole, Tetrazine and Trinitroethyl Chemistry 168

9.3.3 Ionic Liquids 173

9.4 Dinitroguanidine Derivatives 177

9.5 Co-Crystallization 179

9.6 Future Energetics 180

10 Synthesis of Energetic Materials 185

10.1 Molecular Building Blocks 185

10.2 Nitration Reactions 186

10.3 Processing 191

11 Safe Handling of Energetic Materials in the Laboratory 193

11.1 General 193

11.2 Protective Equipment 194

11.3 Laboratory Equipment 196

12 Energetic Materials of the Future 199

13 Related Topics 205

13.1 Thermobaric Weapons 205

13.2 Agent Defeat Weapons 207

13.3 Nanothermites 209

13.3.1 Example: Iron Oxide/Aluminum Thermite 215

13.3.2 Example: Copper Oxide/Aluminum Thermite 216

13.3.3 Example: Molybdenum Trioxide/Aluminum Thermite 217

13.4 Homemade Explosives 218

14 Study Questions 219

15 Literature 223

16 Appendix 233

Index 247

Editorial Reviews

"This book makes a nice addition to the shelf of everyone involved with energetic materials. As such it is recommended as a very useful reference for both students and experienced readers."
Ernst-Christian Koch in: Propellants Explosive Phyrotechnics 16/2011

"The graduate-level text book Chemistry of High-Energy Materials provides an introduction to and an overview of primary and secondary (high) explosives as well as propellant charges, rocket propellants and pyrotechnics."
In: Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe März 2011

From the Publisher