Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality

by Laura Macchi (Editor), Maria Bagassi (Editor), Riccardo Viale (Editor), Keith Frankish (Foreword by)

Overview

Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality.

This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality—a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level.

The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base.

Contributors
Maria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-François Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780262335126
Publisher:	MIT Press
Publication date:	03/11/2016
Series:	The MIT Press
Sold by:	Penguin Random House Publisher Services
Format:	eBook
Pages:	408
File size:	2 MB
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Laura Macchi is Professor of General Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Milano-Biococca.

Maria Bagassi is Senior Researcher in the Department of Psychology at the University of Milano-Biococca.

Riccardo Viale is Professor of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences at the Scuola Nazionale dell'Amministrazione, Rome.

Gerd Gigerenzer is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin. He is the author of Calculated Risks, among other books, and the coeditor of Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox and Heuristics and the Law, both published by the MIT Press.

Maria Bagassi is Senior Researcher in the Department of Psychology at the University of Milano-Biococca.

Laura Macchi is Professor of General Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Milano-Biococca.

Ron Sun is Professor of Cognitive Sciences at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and President of International Neural Networks Society.

Riccardo Viale is Professor of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences at the Scuola Nazionale dell'Amministrazione, Rome.

Table of Contents

Foreword Keith Prankish vii

Introduction Laura Macchi Maria Bagassi Riccardo Viale xi

I Bounded Rationality Updated 1

1 Rationality without Optimization: Bounded Rationality Gerd Gigerenzer 3

2 Grounded Rationality and the New Paradigm Psychology of Reasoning Shira Elqayam 23

3 The Interpretative Function and the Emergence of Unconscious Analytic Thought Maria Bagassi Laura Macchi 43

II The Paradigm Shift: The Debate 77

4 The Paradigm Shift in the Psychology of Reasoning David Over 79

5 Knowing Enough to Achieve Your Goals: Bayesian Models and Practical and Theoretical Rationality in Conscious and Unconscious Inference Mike Oaksford 99

6 Logic, Probability and Inference: A Methodology for a New Paradigm Jean Baratgin Guy Politzer 119

7 Dual Reasoning Processes and the Resolution of Uncertainty: The Case of Belief Bias Linden J. Ball Edward J. N. Stupple 143

8 The Basic Assumptions of Intuitive Belief: Laws, Determinism, and Free Will Steven A. Sloman Aran K. Barbey 167

III Epistemic Context in Reasoning 181

9 Pragmatic Approaches to Deontic Conditionals: From Rule Content to Rule Use Denis Hilton 183

10 Why Don't People Produce Better Arguments? Hugo Mercier Pierre Bonnier Emmanuel Trouche 205

11 Individual Differences in Reasoning beyond Ability and Disposition Jean-François Bonnefon Éric Billaut 219

IV Implicit Thought: Its Role in Reasoning and in Creativity 239

12 Thinking beyond Boundaries Tilmann Betsch Johannes Ritter Anna Lang Stefanie Lindow 241

13 Implicit and Explicit Processes: Their Relation, Interaction, and Competition Ron Sun 257

14 Meta-reasoning: Monitoring and Control of Reasoning, Decision Making, and Problem Solving Valerie A. Thompson Nicole H. Therriault Ian R. Newman 275

15 Incubation in Creative Thinking Ken Gilhooly 301

16 Brain-Based Bounded Creativity Riccardo Viale 315

Closing Thoughts 345

17 A Psycho-rhetorical Perspective on Thought and Human Rationality Giuseppe Mosconi 347

Contributors 365

Index 367