Community Management of Urban Open Spaces in Developing Economies

by Bharati Mohapatra

Overview

Dr. Bharati Mohapatra examines the social, functional, physical and emotional aspects of neighborhood Open Space and the attitude of people for community participation in managing the Open Space, as well as development of a framework for community participation by integrating the social, psychological and spatial attributes. The key interlinked parameters examined are: Place Use (Functional content), Place Quality (Spatial content), Place Attachment (Emotional content), Place Management (Environmental Behavior) and Levels of Participation. The book presents both qualitative studies and quantitative methods and techniques of analyzing the social and spatial parameters. Mohapatra shows how her work can be applied to formulate environmental management strategies, and location-specific issues and complexities in the people-park relationship can be addressed. Suggestions and recommendations based on the findings for effective planning and sustainable management of neighborhood open space are presented.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781785606397
Publisher:	Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Publication date:	04/12/2016
Pages:	280
Product dimensions:	5.98(w) x 9.02(h) x 0.83(d)

About the Author

Bharati Mohapatra, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, India

Table of Contents

Preface xi

List of Tables xiii

List of Figures xix

List of Symbols and Abbreviations xxiii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Overview 1

1.2 Research Background 2

1.3 Statement of the Problem 2

1.3.1 Planning Issues 2

1.3.2 Management Issues 3

1.4 Research Need 4

1.5 Rationale 5

1.5.1 Approach 6

1.6 Aims 6

1.7 Objectives 6

1.8 Scope and Limitations 7

1.8.1 Scope 7

1.8.2 Limitations 7

Chapter 2 Literature Review 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Guidelines for Urban Open Space 11

2.2.1 International 11

2.2.2 Indian 12

2.3 Use of Public Open Spaces 14

2.3.1 Activity 14

2.3.2 Place Use and People 15

2.3.3 Place Value 16

2.4 Spatial Quality 17

2.4.1 Visual Quality Assessment 18

2.5 Place Attachment 20

2.5.1 Place Identity 21

2.5.2 Place Dependence 22

2.5.3 Social Bonding 23

2.6 Place Management 23

2.6.1 Environmental Behavior 24

2.6.2 Participatory Management 25

2.6.2.1 Management of Public Open Space 26

2.6.2.2 Community participation in city environment improvement in India 29

2.6.2.3 Cases of citizen interface management practice 30

2.7 Conceptual Connections 31

2.7.1 Place Use and Place Quality 31

2.7.2 Place Quality and Place Attachment 31

2.7.3 Place Use and Place Attachment 31

2.7.4 Place Attachment and Place Management 32

2.8 Research Gaps 32

2.9 Summary 33

2.10 Theoretical Framework 33

Chapter 3 Research Methodology 37

3.1 Introduction 37

3.2 Study Areas 37

3.2.1 Neighborhood Selection 38

3.3 Sample 39

3.3.1 Sample Size 39

3.3.2 Sample Selection 40

3.4 Measurement 41

3.4.1 Place Use 41

3.4.2 Place Quality 41

3.4.3 Place Attachment 42

3.4.4 Place Management 42

3.4.5 Level of Participation 43

3.5 Data Collection 44

3.6 Analysis 45

3.6.1 City Profile and Recreational Open Spaces: Descriptive Analysis 45

3.6.2 Case Study of Neighborhoods 45

3.6.2.1 Dimensions of Open Space: Exploratory factor analysis 45

3.6.2.2 Neighborhoods, residents, and Place parameters: Descriptive analysis 46

3.6.2.3 Neighborhoods, residents, and Place parameters: Comparative analysis 46

3.6.2.4 Analysis method 46

3.7 Summary 48

Chapter 4 Open Space in Bhubaneswar 49

4.1 Introduction 49

4.2 Profile of the City and Open Spaces: A Descriptive Analysis 49

4.2.1 Spatial and Socioeconomic Characteristics 49

4.2.2 Institutional Arrangements for City Development 53

4.2.3 Neighborhoods and Open Spaces: The Basic City Planning Units 53

4.2.4 Land Use Regulation for Urban Open Space 55

4.2.4.1 Master plan-1968 55

4.2.4.2 CDP-1993 55

4.2.4.3 CDP-2010 for BDPA 2030 57

4.2.5 Status of Urban Open Space 58

4.2.6 Guidelines for Parks 61

4.2.7 Use of Parks and Other Green Areas in the City 62

4.2.7.1 Areas of more use 62

4.2.7.2 Areas of high potential and under utilized 62

4.2.7.3 Types of activities 62

4.2.7.4 Difference in use among the different groups of population 62

4.3 Spatial Growth and Open Space: Comparative Analysis of Land Use 63

4.4 Population and Urban Open Space 64

4.4.1 Dense Neighborhood 65

4.4.2 Moderately Dense Neighborhood 65

4.4.3 Medium-Density and Low-Density Neighborhoods 65

4.5 Land Ownership and Open Space 67

4.6 Institutional Set Up for Development and Management of Parks 69

4.7 Summary 70

Chapter 5 Case Study of Neighborhood Parks 71

5.1 Introduction 71

5.2 Dimensional Structure of Place Parameters: Exploratory Factor Analysis 71

5.2.1 Identification of Dimensions of Place Use 72

5.2.2 Identification of Dimensions of Place Quality 72

5.2.3 Identification of Dimensions of Place Attachment 73

5.2.4 Identification of Dimensions of Place Management 74

5.2.5 Reliability of the Place Use, Quality, Attachment, and Management Measures 75

5.3 Area-Specific Study 76

5.3.1 Neighborhoods, Residents, and Place Parameters: Descriptive Analysis 76

5.3.1.1 Spatial characteristics of neighborhoods 76

5.3.1.2 Socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhoods 85

5.3.1.3 Place parameters 89

5.3.2 Place Experience and Management of Neighborhood Open Space: Comparative Analysis 99

5.3.2.1 Relationship between Place parameters and neighborhood 99

5.3.2.2 Influence of Place Use, Quality, and Attachment on Place Management 111

5.3.2.3 Neighborhoods and level of participation: Area-wise distribution 117

5.4 Overall Study 119

5.4.1 Residents and Place Parameters: Descriptive Analysis 119

5.4.1.1 Socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents 120

5.4.1.2 Place parameters 121

5.4.2 Place Experience and the Management of Neighborhood Open Space: Overall Comparative Analysis 122

5.4.2.1 Relationship of Place parameters and socioeconomic characteristics 123

5.4.2.2 Association between Place parameters 133

5.4.3 Effect of Place Parameters on Determination of Level of Participation 145

5.4.3.1 Effect of dimensions of Place parameters 145

5.4.3.2 Effect of overall Place parameters 149

5.5 Summary 151

Chapter 6 Findings 153

6.1 Introduction 153

6.2 Area-Specific Study 153

6.2.1 Neighborhoods, Residents, and Place Parameters 153

6.2.1.1 Spatial and socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods 153

6.2.1.2 Place parameters 154

6.2.2 Place Experience and Management of Neighborhood Open Space: Comparative Findings 157

6.2.2.1 Relationship between Place parameters and neighborhoods 157

6.2.2.2 Influence of Place Use, Quality, and Attachment on Place Management 164

6.2.2.3 Neighborhoods and level of participation: Area-wise distribution 165

6.3 Overall Study 166

6.3.1 Residents and Place Parameters 166

6.3.1.1 Socioeconomic characteristics of respondents 166

6.3.1.2 Place parameters 166

6.3.2 Place Experience and Management of Neighborhood Open Space: Overall Comparative Findings 168

6.3.2.1 Relationship of Place parameters and socioeconomic characteristics 168

6.3.2.2 Association between Place parameters 173

6.3.2.3 Effect of Place parameters on determination of level of participation 176

6.4 Summary 177

Chapter 7 Conclusions 179

7.1 Introduction 179

7.2 Summary of Findings 179

7.2.1 Status of Urban Open Space 180

7.2.2 Case Studies 181

7.2.2.1 Place Use 181

7.2.2.2 Place Quality 181

7.2.2.3 Place Attachment 183

7.2.2.4 Place Management 184

7.2.2.5 Level of Participation 184

7.3 Implication of the Study 187

7.3.1 Planning and Policy Implications 187

7.3.1.1 Place Use and areas 187

7.3.1.2 Place Use and socioeconomic characteristics 187

7.3.1.3 Place Use and Place Quality 188

7.3.1.4 Place Use and Place Attachment 188

7.3.1.5 Place Use and Place Management 188

7.3.1.6 Place Use and levels of participation 188

7.3.1.7 Place Qualify, Areas, and socioeconomic characteristics 188

7.3.1.8 Place Quality and Place Attachment 189

7.3.1.9 Place Attachment and areas 189

7.3.1.10 Place Attachment and socioeconomic characteristics 189

7.3.1.11 Place Attachment and Place Management 189

7.3.1.12 Place Attachment and levels of participation 189

7.3.1.13 The integrated framework 190

7.3.2 Theoretical Implication 190

7.3.2.1 Place Use and areas 190

7.3.2.2 Place Use and socioeconomic characteristics 190

7.3.2.3 Place Use and Place Attachment 190

7.3.2.4 Place Use and Place Management 190

7.3.2.5 Place Use and levels of participation 191

7.3.2.6 Place Quality, areas and socioeconomic characteristics 191

7.3.2.7 Place Quality and Place Attachment 191

7.3.2.8 Place Quality and Place Management 191

7.3.2.9 Place Attachment and areas 191

7.3.2.10 Place Attachment and Place Management 191

7.4 Recommendation 192

7.4.1 Strategic Plan and Design Plan 192

7.4.2 Operational Plans: Detailed Place-Specific 198

7.4.2 L Area-specific recommendations 198

7.5 Suggestions 200

7.5.1 Institutional Reforms 201

7.5.2 Legislative Reforms 202

7.6 Further Research 203

Appendix A 205

Appendix B 207

Appendix C 217

Appendix D 223

References 237

Index 247

Editorial Reviews

Mohapatra presents readers with a study of the various social, functional, physical, and emotional aspects at play in neighborhood and community open spaces, as well as the process and function of the community management of such open spaces. The author provides readers with a general introduction, a comprehensive literature review, and an overview of her research methodology before profiling the use of open space in Bhubaneswar, India. She then goes on to provide readers with her case study of neighborhood parks, her findings and conclusions. The author is a faculty member of the School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, India.

Annotation