Contest for California: From Spanish Colonization to the American Conquest

by Stephen G. Hyslop

Overview

California’s early history was both colorful and turbulent. After Europeans first explored the region in the sixteenth century, it was conquered and colonized by successive waves of adventurers and settlers. In Contest for California, award-winning author Stephen G. Hyslop draws on a wide array of primary sources to weave an elegant narrative of this epic struggle for control of the territory that many saw as a beautiful, sprawling land of promise.

In vivid detail, Hyslop traces the story of early California from its founding in 1769 by Spanish colonists to its annexation in 1848 by the United States. He describes the motivations and activities of colonizers and colonized alike. Using eyewitness accounts, he allows all participants—Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo-American—to have their say. Soldiers, settlers, missionaries, and merchants testify to the heroic and commonplace, the colorful and tragic, in California’s pre-American history.

Even as he acknowledges the dark side of this story, Hyslop avoids a simplistic perspective. Moving beyond the polarities that have marked late-twentieth-century California historiography, he offers nuanced portraits of such controversial figures as Junípero Serra and treats the Californios and their distinctive Hispanic culture with a respect lacking in earlier histories. Attentive to tensions within the invading groups—priests and the military during the Spanish era, merchants and settlers during the American era—he also never loses sight of their impact on the original inhabitants of the region: California’s Native peoples. He also recounts the journeys of colonists from Russia, England, and other countries who influenced the development of California as it passed from the hands of Spaniards and Mexicans to Americans.

Exhaustively researched yet concise, this book offers a much-needed alternative history of early California and its evolution from Spanish colony to American territory.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780806164496
Publisher:	University of Oklahoma Press
Publication date:	07/23/2019
Series:	Before Gold: California under Spain and Mexico Series , #2
Pages:	460
Sales rank:	968,998
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Stephen G. Hyslop is an independent scholar who has written extensively on American history and the Spanish-American frontier. He served as editor of a 23-volume series on American Indians for Time-Life Books and is coauthor of several books published by the National Geographic Society.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations 9

Introduction 11

Prologue: Alfred Sully's Fall from Grace 19

Part 1 Spanish Colonization (1769-1784) 31

1 Spiritual Conquest 33

2 Cross and Crown 59

3 The Anza Expedition 75

4 Settlement and Strife 93

Part 2 Exposed to the World (1785-1825) 111

5 Overtures from Abroad 113

6 The Smugglers' Coast 145

7 Imperial Sunset 175

Part 3 Traders and Trespassers (1826-1841) 207

8 Paths of Subversion 209

9 Revolutionary California 243

10 The Emigrant Tide 281

Part 4 The American Conquest (1842-1848) 303

11 Intervention at Monterey 305

12 Frémont's Forays 319

13 The Bear Flag Revolt 349

14 Occupation and Resistance 369

Conclusion: The Illusion of Innocence 401

Bibliography 409

Acknowledgments 423

Index 427

Editorial Reviews

In this authoritative and vivid narrative of infiltration, conquest, and annexation, Stephen Hyslop challenges us to consider—once again, for our own time—the question posed by Josiah Royce in the nineteenth century: What does the seizure of California from Mexico in 1846 suggest regarding the American national character?"—Kevin Starr University of Southern California

From the Publisher