In the most wide-ranging history of phenomenology since Herbert Spiegelberg’s The Phenomenological Movement over fifty years ago, Baring uncovers a new and unexpected force—Catholic intellectuals—behind the growth of phenomenology in the early twentieth century, and makes the case for the movement’s catalytic intellectual and social impact.
Of all modern schools of thought, phenomenology has the strongest claim to the mantle of “continental” philosophy. In the first half of the twentieth century, phenomenology expanded from a few German towns into a movement spanning Europe. Edward Baring shows that credit for this prodigious growth goes to a surprising group of early enthusiasts: Catholic intellectuals. Placing phenomenology in historical context, Baring reveals the enduring influence of Catholicism in twentieth-century intellectual thought.
Converts to the Real argues that Catholic scholars allied with phenomenology because they thought it mapped a path out of modern idealism—which they associated with Protestantism and secularization—and back to Catholic metaphysics. Seeing in this unfulfilled promise a bridge to Europe’s secular academy, Catholics set to work extending phenomenology’s reach, writing many of the first phenomenological publications in languages other than German and organizing the first international conferences on phenomenology. The Church even helped rescue Edmund Husserl’s papers from Nazi Germany in 1938. But phenomenology proved to be an unreliable ally, and in debates over its meaning and development, Catholic intellectuals contemplated the ways it might threaten the faith. As a result, Catholics showed that phenomenology could be useful for secular projects, and encouraged its adoption by the philosophical establishment in countries across Europe and beyond.
Baring traces the resonances of these Catholic debates in postwar Europe. From existentialism, through the phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, to the speculative realism of the present, European thought bears the mark of Catholicism, the original continental philosophy.
Edward Baring is Associate Professor of Modern European History at Drew University and was a Guggenheim Fellow. He is author of The Young Derrida and French Philosophy, 1945–1968, which won the Morris D. Forkosch Prize from the Journal of the History of Ideas.
Table of Contents
Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Introduction������������������� Part I: Neo-Scholastic Conversions: 1900–1930 1. The Struggle for Legitimacy: Neo-Scholasticism and Phenomenology 2. Betrayal: Husserl’s Transcendental Turn and the Idealism / Realism Debate 3. An Ecumenical Atheism: Martin Heidegger’s Existential Phenomenology 4. The Vital Faith of Max Scheler Part II: Existential Journeys: 1930–1940 5. Christian Existentialism across Europe 6. The Cartesian Thomist 7. The Secular Kierkegaard 8. The Black Nietzsche Part III: Catholic Legacies: 1940–1950 9. Saving the Husserl Archives 10. Postwar Phenomenology Epilogue��������������� Notes Selected Bibliography Acknowledgments B C D F H J L M O R S V Z
