Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction / Edition 8

by Frank J. Schmalleger

Overview

Here it is! The new, full-color update to Frank Schmalleger's Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction. With the release of this fourth edition update, Prentice Hall has created the first, introductory criminal justice text limited only by your students` curiosity. It is a book without borders. Take a look at the following new features, all designed to give your students maximum learning potential in anew arid fun way. Schmalleger is changing the way introductory criminal justice is learned—again!

• ALL NEW 4-color design!
• Discussion of the U.S. Supreme Court's year 2000 decision in Dickerson vs. U.S.
• Expansion of the discussion about NIBRS (the FBI's new National Incident-Based Reporting System)
• Refinements to the discussion about get- tough-on-crime legislation, specifically "three-strikes-and-you're-out" laws
• ALL NEW crime statistics
• ALL NEW prison and jail statistics
• ALL NEW probation aura parole statistics
• ALL NEW drug crime statistics
• ALL NEW statistics involving women and crime and minorities and crime

All maintained in this UPDATE:

Web Extras! These built-in hyperlinks take students to, crime and justice-related Web sites. interspersed throughout every chapter, Web Extras! include the FBI's borne page, a virtual torn- of the U.S. Supreme Court, an in-depth history of the Columbine High School shootings, a special Macromedia Flash® presentation on "Crimes that Shaped the Twentieth Century," and much more!

Library Extras! These end-of-chapter; Web-based "additional readings' lead students to Web-documents that expand on materials and conceptsfound in the text in a new arid fun way. Included among the nearly 100 Library Extras! found in this edition are documents such as the new Challenge of Crime in a Free Society (1998), Perspectives on Crime and Justice (1999), and Race, Crime, and t!-re Administration of Justice (1999).

Web Quests! Found at the end of each chapter-, these Wets-based assignments are designed to teach students how to use the Internet to research topics and to find information in the criminal justice area.

Audio Extras! These chapter-specific audio introductions have been recorded by tile author to provide additional insight into the workings of the justice system, and are available to anyone with an Internet connection and free RealPlayer® or MediaPlayer® software. The fourth edition update includes new coverage of the Columbine High School shootings; the infamous hate-crime based Texas pickup truck dragging death; the killing of Amadou Diallo, the 22-year-old, unarmed black West African immigrant who was shot at 41 times by white members of the NYPD; the Michigan murder conviction of Nathaniel Abraham, who was 11 years old at tile time of the killing; the 1999 Wedgwood Baptist church shooting, and much more.

Available supplements include:

• Your Criminal Justice Career: A Guidebook (ISBN 0-13-085204-X)
• A comprehensive Student Study Guide (ISBN 0-13-093681-2)
• State-specific supplements for NY, CA, IL, Fl., and TX
• Miranda Revisited (ISBN 0-13-091103-8)
• The Definitive Guide to Criminal Justice and Criminology an the World Wide Web (ISBN 0-13-091590-4)
• Drug Bust and Murder One CD-ROMs (Drug Bust ISBN 0-13-754748-X; Murder- One ISBN 0-13-864026-2)

For Instructors:

An enlarged Instructor's Resource Guide, over 900 PowerPoint slides, expanded Prentice Hall/ABC News Video Library, and an improved Prentice Hall Custom Test database are just some of the new and updated features available to instructors.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780137145539
Publisher:	Prentice Hall
Publication date:	01/19/2009
Series:	MyCrimeKit Series
Edition description:	Older Edition
Pages:	576
Product dimensions:	8.40(w) x 10.80(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. He holds degrees from the University of Notre Dame and The Ohio State University, having earned both a master's (1970) and a doctorate in sociology (1974) from The Ohio State University with a special emphasis in criminology. From 1976 to 1994, he taught criminology and criminal justice courses at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. For the last 16 of those years, he chaired the university's Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice. The university named him Distinguished Professor in 1991.

Schmalleger has taught in the online graduate program of the New School for Social Research, helping build the world's first electronic classrooms in support of distance learning through computer telecommunications. As an adjunct professor with Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri, Schmalleger helped develop the university's graduate program in security administration and loss prevention. He taught courses in that curriculum for more than a decade. An avid Web user and website builder, Schmalleger is also the creator of a number of award-winning websites, including some that support this textbook.

Frank Schmalleger is the author of numerous articles and more than 40 books, including the widely used Criminal Justice Today (Pearson, 2015), Criminology Today (Pearson, 2015), and Criminal Law Today (Pearson, 2014).

Schmalleger is also founding editor of the journal Criminal Justice Studies. He has served as editor for the Pearson series Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century and as imprint adviser for Greenwood Publishing Group's criminal justice reference series. Schmalleger's philosophy of both teaching and writing can be summed up in these words: "In order to communicate knowledge we must first catch, then hold, a person's interest—be it student, colleague, or policymaker. Our writing, our speaking, and our teaching must be relevant to the problems facing people today, and they must in some way help solve those problems."

Read an Excerpt

PREFACE:

PREFACE

Criminal justice is a dynamic and fluid field of study. Ever changing crime statistics, newsworthy events involving American law enforcement, precedent-setting U.S. Supreme Court decisions, and rapidly breaking innovations in correctional practice all challenge instructors and students alike to keep pace with a field undergoing constant modification.

As the floodgates to the twenty-first century open wider, and accelerated change engulfs American society, it is appropriate that a streamlined and up-to-date book such as this should be in the hands of students. The information age and all that it has wrought is here, and the quick dissemination of information has become a vital part of contemporary life.

Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction results from the realization that today's justice students need to have the latest quality information available to them in a concise and affordable source. The paperback format of this book has made it possible to quickly translate the latest happenings in the justice field into a pragmatic textbook that is both inexpensive and easy to read.

Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction focuses directly on the crime picture in America and the three traditional elements of the criminal justice system: police, courts, and corrections. The text is enhanced by the addition of career boxes that can assist today's pragmatically minded students in making appropriate career choices. Colorful photographs, charts, graphs, and other visual aids help keep student attention and add variety to the text. Twenty-First Century Criminal Justice boxes, which are placed strategicallythroughout the book, draw attention to the many exciting possibilities facing the justice system as it realizes the possibilities held out by the new millennium. APB News! stories, an added feature in this edition, bring a true-to-life dimension to the text, and allow insight into the everyday workings of the justice system.

As the author of numerous books on criminal justice, I have often been amazed at how the end result of the justice process is sometimes barely recognizable to anyone involved in the process as justice in any practical sense of the word. It is my sincere hope that the technological and publishing revolutions that have contributed to this book will combine with a growing social awareness to facilitate needed changes in our system; and that will help supplant what have at times appeared as self-serving, system-perpetuated injustices with new standards of equity, compassion, understanding, fairness, and heartfelt justice for all.

Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D.
The Justice Research Association
March 2000

Table of Contents

Preface.
Acknowledgments.
About the Author.

I. CRIME IN AMERICA.

1. What Is Criminal Justice?

Justice and Criminal Justice. American Criminal Justice: The System. American Criminal Justice: The Process. Due Process and Individual Rights. Criminal Justice and Criminology.

2. The Crime Picture.

Introduction: Sources of Data. The Uniform Crime Reports. The National Crime Victimization Survey. Emerging Patterns of Criminal Activity.

3. Criminal Law.

Sources of Modern Criminal Law. The Rule of Law. Types of Law. General Categories of Crime. Elements of a Specific Criminal Offense. Types of Defenses to a Criminal Charge.

II. POLICING.

4. Police Management.

Contemporary Policing: The Administrative Perspective. Scientific Police Management. Contemporary Policing: The Individual Officer.

5. Policing: Legal Aspects.

The Abuse of Police Power. Individual Rights. Search and Seizure. Arrest. The Intelligence Function.

6. Issues in Policing.

Contemporary Policing: Issues and Challenges. Professionalism and Ethics. Private Protective Services.

II. ADJUDICATION.

7. The Courts.

Introduction. American Court History. Pretrial Activities.

8. The Courtroom Work Group and the Criminal Trial.

Introduction. The Courtroom Work Group: Professional Courtroom Actors. Outsiders: Nonprofessional Courtroom Participants. The Criminal Trial. Improving the Adjudication Process.

9. Sentencing.

Crime and Punishment: Introduction. The Philosophy of Criminal Sentencing. Indeterminate Sentencing. The Rise of Structured Sentencing. Mandatory Sentencing. Truth in Sentencing. Federal Sentencing Guidelines. The Sentencing Environment. The Presentence Investigation Report . The Victim-Forgotten No Longer. Traditional Sentencing Options.

IV. CORRECTIONS.

10. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections.

Introduction to Community Corrections. What Is Probation? Probation and Parole: The Pluses and Minuses. The Legal Environment. The Federal Probation System. The Job of a Probation/Parole Officer. Intermediate Sanctions. The Future of Probation and Parole.

11. Prisons and Jails.

Prisons Today. Jails. Private Prisons.

12. Prison Life.

Realities of Prison Life: The Male Inmate's World. Realities of Prison Life: The Staff World. Prison Riots. Realities of Prison Life: Women in Prison. Prisoner Rights. Issues Facing Prisons Today.

Appendix: The Bill of Rights.
Index.

Preface

Criminal justice is a dynamic and fluid field of study. Ever changing crime statistics, newsworthy events involving American law enforcement, precedent-setting U.S. Supreme Court decisions, and rapidly breaking innovations in correctional practice all challenge instructors and students alike to keep pace with a field undergoing constant modification.

As the floodgates to the twenty-first century open wider, and accelerated change engulfs American society, it is appropriate that a streamlined and up-to-date book such as this should be in the hands of students. The information age and all that it has wrought is here, and the quick dissemination of information has become a vital part of contemporary life.

Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction results from the realization that today's justice students need to have the latest quality information available to them in a concise and affordable source. The paperback format of this book has made it possible to quickly translate the latest happenings in the justice field into a pragmatic textbook that is both inexpensive and easy to read.

Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction focuses directly on the crime picture in America and the three traditional elements of the criminal justice system: police, courts, and corrections. The text is enhanced by the addition of career boxes that can assist today's pragmatically minded students in making appropriate career choices. Colorful photographs, charts, graphs, and other visual aids help keep student attention and add variety to the text. Twenty-First Century Criminal Justice boxes, which are placed strategically throughout the book, draw attention to the manyexciting possibilities facing the justice system as it realizes the possibilities held out by the new millennium. Crime in the News! stories, an added feature in this edition, bring a true-to-life dimension to the text, and allow insight into the everyday workings of the justice system.

As the author of numerous books on criminal justice, I have often been amazed at how the end result of the justice process is sometimes barely recognizable to anyone involved in the process as justice in any practical sense of the word. It is my sincere hope that the technological and publishing revolutions that have contributed to this book will combine with a growing social awareness to facilitate needed changes in our system; and that that will help supplant what have at times appeared as self-serving, system-perpetuated injustices with new standards of equity, compassion, understanding, fairness, and heartfelt justice for all.

Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D.
Director, The Justice Research Association
and Professor Emeritus
The University of North Carolina at Pembroke
April 2001

Editorial Reviews

An introductory text for students and criminal justice professionals alike, focusing on police, courts and corrections, and highlighting the need to balance respect for the rights of the individual with the interests of society. Covers the Uniform Crime Reports program; sources and types of criminal law; police administration; adjudication and sentencing; the criminal trial; and prisons. Includes the complete text of the US Constitution. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Booknews