Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia
Defenders of the Motherland studies how the most powerful social groups in tsarist Russia reacted to the challenges posed by the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Arguing that elite groups-especially nobles, landowners, and officers-played an important role in these events, Matthew Rendle shows how the alienation of tsarist elites from the tsar during the First World War and their support for the new Provisional Government in February 1917 secured the initial success of the revolution.

Elites engaged actively with revolutionary politics, serving in the government and forming unions to promote their interests and gather wider support. In doing so, they fostered fears of counter-revolution amongst the lower social classes, radicalizing the popular mood and paving the way for the Bolsheviks.

Although increasingly disillusioned with events, elites were not solely counter-revolutionary and were far from united. A poorly-supported military revolt in August 1917 demonstrated different aspirations for the future, whilst as many served the Bolshevik regime after October 1917 as opposed it. The divisions that had existed prior to 1917, exacerbated by the revolution, consequently undermined the White armies' opposition to Bolshevism during Russia's civil war. Nevertheless, the Bolsheviks' fear of "class enemies" was endemic, and their obsession with removing the threat that former elites posed laid the foundations of the violent and repressive Soviet regime
"1113053790"
Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia
Defenders of the Motherland studies how the most powerful social groups in tsarist Russia reacted to the challenges posed by the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Arguing that elite groups-especially nobles, landowners, and officers-played an important role in these events, Matthew Rendle shows how the alienation of tsarist elites from the tsar during the First World War and their support for the new Provisional Government in February 1917 secured the initial success of the revolution.

Elites engaged actively with revolutionary politics, serving in the government and forming unions to promote their interests and gather wider support. In doing so, they fostered fears of counter-revolution amongst the lower social classes, radicalizing the popular mood and paving the way for the Bolsheviks.

Although increasingly disillusioned with events, elites were not solely counter-revolutionary and were far from united. A poorly-supported military revolt in August 1917 demonstrated different aspirations for the future, whilst as many served the Bolshevik regime after October 1917 as opposed it. The divisions that had existed prior to 1917, exacerbated by the revolution, consequently undermined the White armies' opposition to Bolshevism during Russia's civil war. Nevertheless, the Bolsheviks' fear of "class enemies" was endemic, and their obsession with removing the threat that former elites posed laid the foundations of the violent and repressive Soviet regime
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Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia

Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia

by Matthew Rendle
Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia

Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia

by Matthew Rendle

Hardcover

$180.00 
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Overview

Defenders of the Motherland studies how the most powerful social groups in tsarist Russia reacted to the challenges posed by the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Arguing that elite groups-especially nobles, landowners, and officers-played an important role in these events, Matthew Rendle shows how the alienation of tsarist elites from the tsar during the First World War and their support for the new Provisional Government in February 1917 secured the initial success of the revolution.

Elites engaged actively with revolutionary politics, serving in the government and forming unions to promote their interests and gather wider support. In doing so, they fostered fears of counter-revolution amongst the lower social classes, radicalizing the popular mood and paving the way for the Bolsheviks.

Although increasingly disillusioned with events, elites were not solely counter-revolutionary and were far from united. A poorly-supported military revolt in August 1917 demonstrated different aspirations for the future, whilst as many served the Bolshevik regime after October 1917 as opposed it. The divisions that had existed prior to 1917, exacerbated by the revolution, consequently undermined the White armies' opposition to Bolshevism during Russia's civil war. Nevertheless, the Bolsheviks' fear of "class enemies" was endemic, and their obsession with removing the threat that former elites posed laid the foundations of the violent and repressive Soviet regime

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780199236251
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication date: 01/18/2010
Pages: 288
Product dimensions: 6.30(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Matthew Rendle is Lecturer in Eastern European History at Aberystwyth University.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements vii

Notes on the Text ix

Maps xi

Introduction 1

1 The First World War 12

The Impact of 1905 12

The Impact of the War 18

On the Eve of Revolution 26

2 The February Revolution 33

The Emergence of Revolution 33

Officers as 'Revolutionaries' 38

Wider Reactions 46

3 Nobles 53

The Provisional Government 53

Local Government 61

War to the Palaces! 67

The Union of Homeowners 74

The Society of Nobles 80

4 Landowners 84

Agrarian Policies 85

Reforming the Union of Landowners 90

Forging a Landed 'Movement' 95

The Union and the Government 102

Growing Social Conflict 110

5 Officers 115

The Union of Republican Officers 117

The Soviet of Officers' Deputies 120

The Baltic Fleet 124

The May Congresses 127

The Union of Officers 137

The Military League 144

The Union of George Cavaliers 147

Unity and Conflict 152

6 Counter-Revolution 157

The 'Conservative Movement' 158

Strong Government Versus Dictatorship 165

The August Meetings 173

The Kornilov Revolt 180

Post-Kornilov: The Officers 186

Post-Kornilov: The Landowners 190

On the Eve of October 195

7 The October Revolution 199

Bolshevism in Practice 201

Nobles 208

Landowners 215

Officers 221

The Emergence of Civil War 228

Conclusion 230

Bibliography 243

Index 267

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