Table of Contents
Preface vii
Section A Introduction 1
1 Introduction 1
Section B History, Physical Examination, and Overview of the Neurologic Examination 5
2 Overview of the Nervous System 5
3 The Neurologic History 21
4 The General Physical Examination 35
5 General Outline of the Neurologic Examination 41
Section C Mental Status Examination and Higher Cortical Functions 47
6 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres 47
7 Functions of the Cerebral Cortex and Regional Cerebral Diagnosis 65
8 The Mental Status Examination 75
9 Disorders of Speech and Language 87
10 Agnosia, Apraxia, and Related Disorders of Higher Cortical Function 113
Section D The Cranial Nerves 123
11 An Overview of Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Anatomy 123
12 The Olfactory Nerve 137
13 The Optic Nerve 143
14 The Ocular Motor Nerves 179
15 The Trigeminal Nerve 227
16 The Facial Nerve 247
17 The Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear) Nerve 271
18 The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves 303
19 The Spinal Accessory Nerve 317
20 The Hypoglossal Nerve 327
21 Brainstem and Multiple Cranial Nerve Syndromes 335
Section E The Motor System 357
22 Overview of the Motor System 357
23 The Motor Unit Level 365
24 The Spinal Cord Level 375
25 The Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Level 389
26 The Extrapyramidal Level 399
27 Motor Strength and Power 411
28 Muscle Tone 467
29 Muscle Volume and Contour 475
30 Abnormalities of Movement 485
Section F The Sensory System 513
31 Overview of the Sensory System 513
32 The Exteroceptive Sensations 521
33 The Proprioceptive Sensations 531
34 The Interoceptive, or Visceral, Sensations 539
35 Cerebral Sensor Functions 541
36 Sensory Localization 545
Section G The Reflexes 559
37 Introduction to the Reflexes 559
38 The Deep Tendon or Muscle Stretch Reflexes 561
39 The Superficial (Cutaneous) Reflexes 579
40 Pathologic Reflexes 583
41 Postural and Righting Reflexes 599
42 Associated Movements 603
Section H Coordination and Gait 611
43 Cerebellar Function 611
44 Gait and Station 633
Section I The Autonomic and Peripheral Nervous Systems 645
45 The Autonomic Nervous System 645
46 Peripheral Neuroanatomy and Focal Neuropathies 663
Section J Orthopedic Neurology 689
47 Neck and Back Pain 689
48 Other Musculoskeletal Disorders 707
Section K Circulation and Cerebrospinal Fluid 717
49 The Blood Supply of the Brain 717
50 The Ventricular System and the Cerebrospinal Fluid 737
Section L Special Methods of Examination 745
51 The Examination in Coma 745
52 Miscellaneous Neurologic Signs 763
Section M Diagnosis and Localization of Neurologic Disease 769
53 Diagnostic Reasoning and Neurologic Differential Diagnosis 769
Index 797
