Discovering Syntax: Clause Structures of English, German and Romance / Edition 1 available in Hardcover
Discovering Syntax: Clause Structures of English, German and Romance / Edition 1
- ISBN-10:
- 3110186829
- ISBN-13:
- 9783110186826
- Pub. Date:
- 04/16/2007
- Publisher:
- De Gruyter
- ISBN-10:
- 3110186829
- ISBN-13:
- 9783110186826
- Pub. Date:
- 04/16/2007
- Publisher:
- De Gruyter
Discovering Syntax: Clause Structures of English, German and Romance / Edition 1
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$300.00Overview
Among clause-internal structures, the most puzzling are English double objects, particle constructions, and non-finite complementation (infinitives, participles and gerunds). Separate chapters in Part I offer relatively complete analyses of each. These analyses are integrated into the framework of Emonds (2000), wherein a simplified subcategorization theory fully expresses complement selection. Principal results of that framework constitute the initial essay of Part I. areas.
The self-contained essays can all be read separately. They are rich in empirical documentation, and yet in all of them, solutions are constructed around a coherent, relatively simple theoretical core.
In Romance languages, classic generative debates have singled out clitic and causative constructions as the most challenging. Separate essays in Part II lay out the often complex paradigms and propose detailed syntactic solutions, simple in their overall architecture yet rich in detailed predictions.
Concerning movements to clausal edges, especially controversial topics include passives, English parasitic gaps, and the nature of verb-second systems exemplified by German.. The essays in Part III each use rather surprising but still theoretically constrained structural accounts to solve thorny problems in all three.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9783110186826 |
---|---|
Publisher: | De Gruyter |
Publication date: | 04/16/2007 |
Series: | Studies in Generative Grammar [SGG] , #93 |
Pages: | 405 |
Product dimensions: | 6.10(w) x 9.06(h) x (d) |
Age Range: | 18 Years |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments and dedication vPrologue to Discovering Syntax 1
Structures in lexical projections
Types of syntactic categories and features 9
The status of the small clause category 14
Secondary Predication and Small Clauses 14
Binary Branching and "Learnability" 15
Small Clauses: irrelevant or defective syntactic arguments 17
An Aristotelian legacy 22
The restricted complement space of lexical frames 27
The range of single phrase complements to verbs 27
Variations on the frames___D, ___A and ___P 28
The predicate nominal frame +___N 30
Variations on the frames___V and ___I 33
Extrinsic features in single frames 38
Limitations on multiple complements 40
The puzzling descriptive generalizations 40
The role of Abstract Case in Logical Form 47
Confirmation of the LF Case Filter from triple complement structures 50
The Case of predicate attributes 55
The restrictive Syntactic Lexicon confronts open-ended Conceptual Space 62
The autonomy of the (syntactic) lexicon and syntax 71
The problem of "neutralized" phrases 71
The uses of ing 72
Derived Nominals 72
Derived Adjectives 73
Gerunds 75
Present Participles 76
A generalized and autonomous lexical entry for ing 78
From Middle to Modern English 78
Selection through lexical heads 81
Defining the lexical head 84
Lexical selection of non-finite clause types 86
The choice between Participles and Gerunds 89
Why Infinitives and not Gerunds? 93
Conclusion: all uses of ing result from a single entry 95
Secondary prediction, stationary particles, and silent prepositions 99
Lexical representations of Intransitive Prepositions 99
Case Transparency and Word Order of Intransitive Prepositions 102
Stationary Particles and Secondary Predication 104
Stacked PPs, Silent Ps, and the Revised Theta Criterion 106
Projecting indirect objects 115
Introduction: a path not followed 115
The surface structure of the prepositionless dative 118
English double objects 118
Some non-Indo-European prepositionless datives 123
The deep structure of indirect object constructions 127
Prepositionless datives: theoretical issues 130
Structure-preserving derivations and the Projection Principle 130
The interpretation of indirect objects and further predictions 133
The passivizability and abstract Case of NPs in P-less datives 136
Accounting for P-less datives 137
The licensing of the empty P in P-less datives 137
Phrasal antecedents for empty heads 139
Accounting for crosslinguistic variation 141
Applicative suffixes 141
Accounting for crosslinguistic variation: The English gambit 145
Conclusion: syntax rules OK 148
Minimal structures for functional categories
The flat structure economy of semi-lexical heads 159
Van Riemsdijk's Categorial Identity Thesis 159
Expected properties of phrasal XP complements 160
Defining semi-lexical heads 164
Flat structures when X = Preposition 165
Flat structures when X = Adjective/Adverb 172
Flat structures when X = Noun 174
Flat structures when X = Verb 180
Romance restructuring 180
Romance causative structures 186
Concluding remarks on flat V-V structures 192
How clitics license null phrases: A theory of the lexical interface 199
The apparent non-local character of clitic placement 199
Five contexts for long distance licensing 199
Problems with the Movement approach 205
Right dislocation as the key to en/ne 208
Distribution of the genitive clitics 208
The relation of en/ne to subject position 214
Free right dislocations without en/ne 215
Alternative realisation: Minimising covert syntax 220
The host of clitic placement 220
In situ representations of clitics in trees 221
Realising syntactic features in different positions 223
The "absolute transparency" of phrases allowing clitic climbing 226
Rizzi's paradigms for restructuring verbs 226
Lexical theory: Late insertion 229
Lexical theory: Satisfying subcategorisation 232
Clitic climbing, dual insertion levels, and the Phrase Mate Hypothesis 235
Causative and perception verbs 238
Restrictions on cliticisation in causative/perception complements 243
Clitics corresponding to complements of adjectives 244
Two lexical projections for French adjectives 244
Two lexical projections for English adjectives 248
Unresolved issues in the in situ framework 250
Nominative clitics and finite agreement 251
Enclisis 251
Clitic ordering 251
Choice of host V within restructured VPs 252
The historical persistence of clitic case 253
Economy of Derivation 255
English indirect passives 267
Characteristics and scope of structures called "Passive" 267
Indirect Passives: a needed concept in English grammar 269
Genesis of the term "Indirect Passive" 269
The English candidates for Indirect Passive status 270
The theoretical components of the Indirect Passive 274
Characterizing the "Grammatical V" that trigger the Passive 274
Properties of the Grammatical Lexicon 276
The lexical entries for the participial suffixes 278
The relation of the Syntacticon to levels of Lexical Insertion 281
Countering possible objections 284
Objection: grouping Japanese and English Indirect Passives 284
Objection: the structures examined aren't really Passives 285
Objection: The structures examined are Passives in Small Clauses 287
Conclusion: English Indirect Passives confirm Late Insertion 289
Landing sites of phrasal movements
A theory of phrase structure based on Extended Projections 297
Lexical Projections 297
The Subject as a special phrase: I and IP 298
The DP Hypothesis and generalizing the definition of Subject 300
The EPP: explaining the "strong D feature on Tense" 303
Transformational derivations 305
The lower operator position with parasitic gaps 309
Subjacency effects on parasitic gaps 311
The location of the parasitic operator O[subscript i] 312
No operator O[subscript i] in finite clauses 312
No operator O[subscript i] in infinitives with overt subjects 313
No operator O[subscript i] in bare adverbial participles 313
No operator O[subscript i] in absolute constructions 313
Puzzle: the lower operator O[subscript i] is not in SPEC(CP) 314
The lower operator is in SPEC(IP) or SPEC(DP) 315
Why parasitic gaps must be DPs 319
The sequence of T-model operations on a cyclic domain 320
A generalized definition of subject 324
Extending the analysis to long distance movement 325
Unspecified categories as the key to root constructions 331
Root vs. embedded clause asymmetry 331
Variation in root domains across languages 332
Variation across clausal types 332
An inventory of root transformational operations 334
Leftward movements without commas 336
The domains of root movements: "Discourse Projections" 336
The landing sites of root movements: "Discourse Shells" 339
Cross-linguistic variation in Discourse Projections? 343
Extending Structure Preservation 344
Deriving local and root operations from structure preservation 345
Unique landing sites for frontings without comma intonation 349
Exclusion or rarity of French frontings without verb inversion 352
Licensing the root X[superscript 0] position: English [Omega] vs. German V 353
Lexical entries for Complementisers 354
A grammatical moral based on Germanic Verb Second 357
"Residual" English verb inversions in root and root-like clauses 358
Left dislocations with commas 361
Iterative a-categorial root clauses 361
Parentheticals in apparently final position 365
Clausal remnants in apparently final position 368
Summary of proposed hypotheses 369
References 381