Drip Irrigation for Agriculture: Untold Stories of Efficiency, Innovation and Development / Edition 1

by Jean-Philippe Venot, Marcel Kuper, Margreet Zwarteveen

Overview

Initially associated with hi-tech irrigated agriculture, drip irrigation is now being used by a much wider range of farmers in emerging and developing countries. This book documents the enthusiasm, spread and use of drip irrigation systems by smallholders but also some disappointments and disillusion faced in the global South. It explores and explains under which conditions it works, for whom and with what effects. The book deals with drip irrigation 'behind the scenes', showcasing what largely remain 'untold stories'.

Most research on drip irrigation use plot-level studies to demonstrate the technology’s ability to save water or improve efficiencies and use a narrow and rather prescriptive engineering or economic language. They tend to be grounded in a firm belief in the technology and focus on the identification of ways to improve or better realize its potential. The technology also figures prominently in poverty alleviation or agricultural modernization narratives, figuring as a tool to help smallholders become more innovative, entrepreneurial and business minded. Instead of focusing on its potential, this book looks at drip irrigation-in-use, making sense of what it does from the perspectives of the farmers who use it, and of the development workers and agencies, policymakers, private companies, local craftsmen, engineers, extension agents or researchers who engage with it for a diversity of reasons and to realize a multiplicity of objectives. While anchored in a sound engineering understanding of the design and operating principles of the technology, the book extends the analysis beyond engineering and hydraulics to understand drip irrigation as a sociotechnical phenomenon that not only changes the way water is supplied to crops but also transforms agricultural farming systems and even how society is organized. The book provides field evidence from a diversity of interdisciplinary case studies in sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, and South Asia, thus revealing some of the untold stories of drip irrigation.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781138687073
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	07/11/2017
Series:	Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management
Pages:	402
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Jean-Philippe Venot is a researcher at the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD/UMR G-EAU) and is affiliated to the Water Resources Management group of Wageningen University, The Netherlands. He is currently based at the Royal University of Agriculture in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Marcel Kuper is a senior irrigation scientist at the International Agricultural Centre for Research and Development (CIRAD/UMR G-EAU), France, and a visiting professor at the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Institute Hassan II in Rabat, Morocco.

Margreet Zwarteveen is professor of Water Governance at IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, and at the Governance and Inclusive Development Group of the University of Amsterdam, both in the Netherlands.

Table of Contents

List of figures x

List of tables xii

List of contributors xiii

Acknowledgments xxi

Foreword Andy Keller Jean-Marc Faurès Peter Mollinga xxii

Introduction: Panda or Hydra? The untold stories of drip irrigation Marcel Kuper Jean-Philippe Venot Margreet Zwarteveen 1

Setting the scene: diverse perspectives on drip irrigation

1 From obscurity to prominence: how drip irrigation conquered the world Jean-Philippe Venot 16

2 Decentering the technology: explaining the drip irrigation paradox Margreet Zwarteveen 38

3 The practice of designing and adapting drip irrigation systems Harm Boesveld 54

Efficiency and water saving

4 Re-allocating yet-to-be-saved water in irrigation modernization projects: the case of the Bittit irrigation system, Morocco Saskia van Der Kooij Marcel Kuper Charlotte de Fraiture Bruce Lankford Margreet Zwarteveen 68

5 Unraveling the enduring paradox of increased pressure on groundwater through efficient drip irrigation Marcel Kuper Fatah Ameur Ali Hammani 85

6 Sour grapes: multiple groundwater enclosures in Morocco's Saiss region Lisa Bossenbroek Marcel Kuper Margreet Zwarteveen 105

Modernization and agrarian change

7 Creating small farm entrepreneurs or doing away with peasants? State-driven implementation of drip irrigation in Chile Daniela Henriquez Marcel Kuper Manuel Escobar Eduardo Chia Claudio Vasquez 122

8 Conquering the desert: drip irrigation in the Chavimochic system in Peru Jeroen Vos Anais Marshall 134

9 An elite technology? Drip irrigation, agro-export and agricultural policies in Guanajuato, Mexico Jaime Hoogesteger 151

10 Collective drip irrigation projects between technological determinism and social construction: some observations from Morocco Mostafa Errahj Jan Douwe Van der Ploeg 167

Poverty and development

11 Historical perspective on low-cost drip irrigation design and promotion Robert Yoder Brent Rowell 187

12 Low-cost drip irrigation in Zambia: gendered practices of promotion and use Gert Jan Veldwisch Vera Borsboom Famke Ingen-Housz Margreet Zwarteveen Nynke Post Uiterweer Paul Hebinck 204

13 The conundrum of low-cost drip irrigation in Burkina Faso: why development interventions that have little to show continue Jonas Wanvoeke Jean-Philippe Venot Margreet Zwarteveen Charlotte de Fraiture 218

14 The mysterious case of the persistence of donor-and NGO-driven irrigation kit investments for African smallholder farmers Douglas J. Merrey 237

Alliances, networks and innovation

15 'Bricolage' as an everyday practice of contestation of smallholders engaging with drip irrigation Marcel Kuper Maya Benouniche Mohamed Naouri Margreet Zwarteveen 256

16 The 'innovation factory': user-led incremental innovation of drip irrigation systems in the Algerian Sahara Mohamed Naouri Tarik Hartani Marcel Kuper 266

17 Intermediaries in drip irrigation innovation systems: a focus on retailers in the Saïss region in Morocco Caroline Lejars Jean-Philippe Venot 284

18 Drip irrigation and state subsidies in India: understanding the success of the Gujarat Green Revolution Company Janwillem Liebrand 303

Postscript: a dialectic inquiry in the world of drip irrigation Henk van den Belt 337

Index 337

Editorial Reviews

‘Everything you always wanted to know about drip irrigation, but were afraid to ask. This fascinating volume uncovers untold stories that question the claims of efficiency, water saving, poverty alleviation and development. The book thus is obligatory reading not only for water engineers and agricultural scientists, but also for development workers, policy makers and social scientists.’ - Wiebe E. Bijker, Professor of Technology & Society, Maastricht University.

‘For the first time, we must confront the complexity of drip irrigation: a water-supply revolution to safeguard food security or a cheap fix that prolongs simplistic supply-side thinking? This volume is a must-read for social scientists, irrigation engineers, and policymakers alike.’ - Christopher Scott, Professor and Distinguished Scholar, University of Arizona.

‘A powerful antidote to the technocratic literature on drip irrigation, the analysis masterfully weaves together sociological, political, and philosophical threads. An important and original contribution to our understanding of the collective narratives at play as we enact complex changes to water governance in search of greater sustainability.’ - Karen Bakker, Professor and Canada Research Chair, University of British Columbia.

‘We all have much to learn before smallholders in the global South adopt drip irrigation at scale. That is where this book comes in and why it is so important.’ - from the Foreword, by Andy Keller, Keller-Bliesner Engineering and Utah State University, USA

‘It is high time that more clarity be brought to the debate about drip irrigation, its specificities, and the role it can play in agricultural development strategies, and that is exactly what this book helps doing.’ - from the Foreword, by Jean-Marc Faurès, UN Food and Agriculture Organization

‘This book makes a significant contribution to not only irrigation studies, but to interdisciplinary development studies more generally.’ - from the Foreword, by Peter Mollinga, SOAS, University of London, UK

From the Publisher