Table of Contents
Figures, Tables, Boxes, and Maps ix
Preface xi
About the Author xv
1 After Earth Day 1
"Frack, Baby, Frack" 2
The Environmental Legacy 7
The Evolution of U.S. Environmentalism 9
Ongoing Challenges: Present and Future 16
Plan for the Book 25
Conclusion 27
Suggested Readings 28
Notes 29
2 Making Policy: The Process 33
The White House and the Greenhouse 33
The Policy Cycle 38
Constitutional Constraints 41
Incrementalism 43
Interest Group Politics 44
Environmentalism and Its Critics 59
The Public and Environmentalism 62
The Special Place of Science in Policymaking 69
Conclusion 73
Suggested Readings 73
Notes 73
3 Making Policy: Institutions and Politics 79
The Water War Called WOTUS 79
The Presidency 85
Congress: Too Much Check, Too Little Balance 91
The Bureaucracy: Power Through Implementation 98
The Courts: The Role of Appraisal 111
The Political Environment of Environmental Policymaking 115
Conclusion 121
Suggested Readings 122
Notes 122
4 Common Policy Challenges: Risk Assessment and Environmental Justice 127
A Toxic Nightmare From Toyland? 127
Risk Assessment and the Limits of Science 132
What Risks Are Acceptable? 139
Risk Assessment Reconsidered: The Precautionary Principle 142
Risk and Discrimination: The Problem of Environmental Justice 145
Conclusion 155
Suggested Readings 157
Notes 157
5 More Choice: The Battle Over Regulatory Economics 163
The Benefit-Cost Debate 165
Regulation Strategies: Command and Control Versus the Marketplace 180
Conclusion 189
Suggested Readings 190
Notes 190
6 Command and Control in Action: Air and Water Pollution Regulation 195
The Political Anatomy of Command-and-Control Regulation 196
Regulating Air Quality 201
Regulating Water Quality 215
Conclusion 233
Suggested Readings 234
Notes 234
7 A Regulatory Thicket: Toxic and Hazardous Substances 237
An Ambiguous Inheritance 240
Federal Law: Regulation From the Cradle to the Grave? 248
Conclusion 266
Suggested Readings 267
Notes 267
8 Energy: America's Energy Politics in Transformation 273
The Foundation: A Fossil Fuel Nation 274
Natural Gas and the Gas "Boom" 279
Coal: The Promise and Perils of Abundance 283
Fossil Fuel Alternatives: Nuclear
Power and Renewable Energy 290
Conclusion 306
Suggested Readings 307
Notes 307
9 635 Million Acres of Politics: The Battle for Public hands 313
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Public Land Politics at a Boil 314
A History of Contested Access 319
The Public Domain 320
Conflicts Over Multiple Use 323
The Pluralistic Politics of the Public Lands 328
The Fate of the Forests 343
How Much Wilderness Is Enough? 351
Conclusion 353
Suggested Readings 354
Notes 355
10 Climate Change, Domestic Politics, and the Challenge of Global Policymaking 357
The Contested Science of Atmospheric Warming 359
The Domestic Setting of Climate Change Politics 366
Transboundary Environmental Politics 373
From Kyoto to Paris 381
Conclusion 386
Suggested Readings 387
Notes 388
List of Abbreviations 391
Index 395
