Table of Contents
Purpose of the Monograph v
How to Use This Monograph vii
Disclaimer xi
Foreword xiii
Related Publications xvi
Authors and Contributors xix
Members of Advisory Committee and Panel xxi
Professor Charlie Changli Xue, PhD xxiii
Professor Chuanjian Lu, MD xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
List of Figures xxxv
List of Tables xxxvii
1 Introduction to Psoriasis Vulgaris 1
Risk Factors 4
Pathological Processes 4
Diagnosis 5
Symptom Assessment 5
Evaluation of Psoriasis Symptom Severity 5
Differential Diagnosis 6
Management 6
Treatment Goals 8
References 10
2 Psoriasis Vulgaris in Chinese Medicine 13
Aetiology and Pathogenesis 14
Syndromes Differentiation and Treatments 14
Oral CHM Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation 15
Blood Heat 15
Blood Dryness 16
Blood Stasis 17
Topical Therapies of CHM 17
CHM Ointment 1 17
CHM Baths 18
Acupuncture Therapies and Other CM Therapies 18
Other Management Strategies 18
References 19
3 Classical Chinese Medicine Literature 21
Classical Literature Search 22
Terms of the Most Likely Psoriasis Vulgaris Citations 25
Representative Citations 25
Syndromes of Psoriasis Vulgaris in Classical Literature 26
Common Formulae and Herbs 27
Common Acupuncture Points 29
Classical Literature in Perspective 29
References 30
4 Methods for Evaluating Clinical Evidence 33
Introduction 33
Search Strategy 34
Inclusion Criteria 35
Exclusion Criteria 36
Methodological Quality Assessment 36
Statistical Analyses 38
Assessment Using GRADE 38
Outcome Measures 41
References 42
5 Chinese Herbal Medicine for Psoriasis Vulgaris 45
Previous Systematic Reviews 45
Clinical Evidence: Characteristics 47
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine 47
Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine 50
Randomised Controlled Trials of Oral CHM 50
Risk of Bias Assessment 50
Effects of Oral CHM 52
Assessment Using GRADE 57
Frequently Reported Herbs in Meta-Analyses Showing Favourable Effect 57
Safety of Oral CHM in Randomised Controlled Trials 61
Controlled Clinical Trials (Non-Randomised) of Oral CHM 62
Non-Controlled Studies of Oral CHM 63
Randomised Controlled Trials of Topical CHM 63
Risk of Bias Assessment 63
Effects of Topical CHM 64
Assessment Using GRADE 66
Frequently Reported Herbs in Meta-Analyses Showing Favourable Effect 68
Safety of Topical CHM in Randomised Controlled Trials 68
Controlled Clinical Trials (Non-Randomised) of Topical CHM 69
Non-Controlled Studies of Topical CHM 70
Summary of Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Evidence 70
References 71
6 Pharmacological Actions of the Common Herbs 73
Experimental Studies of sheng di huang 73
Experimental Studies of dang gui 74
Experimental Studies of chi shao 74
Experimental Studies of dan shen 75
Experimental Studies of tu fu ling 76
Experimental Studies of mu dan pi 76
Experimental Studies of bai xian pi 77
Experimental Studies of zi cao 78
Experimental Studies of gan cao 79
Experimental Studies of ku shen 80
Experimental Studies of di fu zi 81
Summary of Pharmacological Actions of the Common Herbs 82
References 82
7 Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies 89
Previous Systematic Reviews 90
Identification of Clinical Studies 90
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture and Related Therapies 92
Risk of Bias Assessment 92
Effects of Acupuncture 92
Effects of Acupuncture plus Moxibustion 92
Controlled Clinical Trials (Non-Randomised) of Acupuncture and Related Therapies 93
Non-Controlled Studies of Acupuncture and Related Therapies 93
Summary of Acupuncture Clinical Evidence 93
8 Clinical Evidence for Chinese Medicine Combination Therapy 95
Chinese Medicine Combination Therapy for Psoriasis Vulgaris 95
Summary of Main Findings 96
9 Summary and Conclusion 97
Chinese Herbal Medicine 98
Summary of CHM across Evidence Types 99
Acupuncture and Related Therapies 99
Summary of Acupuncture and Related Therapies across Evidence Types 1 102
Implications for Practice 102
Implications for Research 104
Methods 105
Intervention 105
Reporting 105
References 106
Appendix 1 All Included Clinical Studies 107
Glossary 127
Index 141
