Table of Contents
Foreword 1
Introduction 4
Chronology 7
1 Freedom of Expression Is a Fundamental Constitutional Right American Civil Liberties Union 10
2 The First Amendment Rights of Children Differ from Those of Adults Emily Buss 18
3 Students Have a First Amendment Right to Abstain from the Pledge of Allegiance The Supreme Court's Decision Robert H. Jackson 24
4 Students Have a Right to Free Expression When It Does Not Cause Disruption The Supreme Court's Decision Abe Fortas 34
5 Schools Can Limit Vulgar Student Speech The Supreme Court's Decision Warren E. Burger 45
6 Schools Can Censor Student Speech in School Publications The Supreme Court's Decision Byron White 55
7 Speech Restrictions on High School Students Do Not Apply to College Students James Tidwell 65
8 Student Speech Advocating Drug Use Is Not Protected Expression The Supreme Court's Decision John Roberts 72
9 Student Plaintiffs in Tinker, Hazelwood, and Morse Recall Their Fights for Free Expression Personal Narrative Perry A. Zirkel 84
10 Schools May Restrict Student Speech That Attacks Other Students The Circuit Court's Decision Stephen Roy Reinhardt 91
11 Free Expression on Clothing Is an Important Right for High School Students Greg Beato 104
12 Students Have a First Amendment Right of Access to Information Theresa Chmara 111
13 Most Student Expression on the Internet Is Protected by the First Amendment Anita Ramasastry 119
14 Court Rulings Are Inconsistent in the Treatment of Student Expression Online Shannon P. Duffy 128
15 The Free Speech Rights of Students Are in Poor Shape Forty Years After Tinker Personal Narrative Stephen J.Wermiel 135
Organizations to Contact 142
For Further Reading 147
Index 151
