From Contamination to Defects, Faults and Yield Loss: Simulation and Applications / Edition 1

by Jitendra B. Khare, Wojciech Maly

Overview

Over the years there has been a large increase in the functionality available on a single integrated circuit. This has been mainly achieved by a continuous drive towards smaller feature sizes, larger dies, and better packing efficiency. However, this greater functionality has also resulted in substantial increases in the capital investment needed to build fabrication facilities. Given such a high level of investment, it is critical for IC manufacturers to reduce manufacturing costs and get a better return on their investment. The most obvious method of reducing the manufacturing cost per die is to improve manufacturing yield.
Modern VLSI research and engineering (which includes design manufacturing and testing) encompasses a very broad range of disciplines such as chemistry, physics, material science, circuit design, mathematics and computer science. Due to this diversity, the VLSI arena has become fractured into a number of separate sub-domains with little or no interaction between them. This is the case with the relationships between testing and manufacturing.
From Contamination to Defects, Faults and Yield Loss: Simulation and Applications focuses on the core of the interface between manufacturing and testing, i.e., the contamination-defect-fault relationship. The understanding of this relationship can lead to better solutions of many manufacturing and testing problems.
Failure mechanism models are developed and presented which can be used to accurately estimate probability of different failures for a given IC. This information is critical in solving key yield-related applications such as failure analysis, fault modeling and design manufacturing.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780792397144
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	04/30/1996
Series:	Frontiers in Electronic Testing , #5
Edition description:	1996
Pages:	150
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.02(d)

Table of Contents

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Trends in IC Manufacturing.- 1.2 Yield Loss Mechanisms in ICs.- 1.3 Functional Yield Estimation.- 1.4 Research Goals.- 1.5 Outline.- 1.6 References.- 2. Background.- 2.1 Terminology.- 2.2 Point Model.- 2.3 Disk Model.- 2.4 Experimental Investigation of the Disk Model.- 2.5 Summary.- 2.6 References.- 3. Contamination-Defect-Fault (CDF) Simulation.- 3.1 New Contamination Model.- 3.2 Contamination-Defect-Fault (CDF) Simulation.- 3.3 References.- 4. CDF Mapper CODEF.- 4.1 CODEF - An Overview.- 4.2 Chip Data Base (CDB).- 4.3 Process Models.- 4.4 Circuit Extraction.- 4.5 Netlist Comparison.- 4.6 CODEF - Illustration.- 4.7 Runtime and Memory Usage.- 4.8 References.- 5. CODEF - Applications.- 5.1 Yield Estimation.- 5.2 Fault Modeling.- 5.3 Failure Analysis.- 5.4 References.- 6. Possible Extensions.- 6.1 CODEF Speed and Memory Considerations.- 6.2 Addition of New Process Models.- 6.3 Additional Contamination Properties.- 6.4 Extraction of Bipolar Transistors.- 6.5 Identification of Contamination Parameters.- 6.6 References.- 7. Conclusion.- Appendix A: CMOS Process Flow.

Editorial Reviews

Focuses on the interface between the manufacture and testing of integrated circuits, the relationship among contamination, defects, faults, and loss of yield from the production line, asserting that an understanding of that relationship can lead to better solutions to many problems such as contamination control, yield estimation, defect diagnosis, fault modeling, and estimating defect coverage. The approach derives from a relatively large scale operation at the Center for Rapid Yield Learning at Carnegie Mellon University. Double spaced. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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