| Visual Features | xi |
| Preface | xvii |
| A Note to the Instructors about Supplements | xxi |
| About the Authors | xxiii |
1 | Land of Their Ancestors | 1 |
| Ghana | 2 |
| Mali | 4 |
| Songhay | 6 |
| Other States | 9 |
2 | The African Way of Life | 15 |
| Political Institutions | 16 |
| Economic Life | 18 |
| Social Organization | 20 |
| Religion | 24 |
| The Arts | 27 |
| African Culture in the Diaspora | 30 |
3 | The Slave Trade and the New World | 33 |
| European and Asian Interests | 34 |
| Africans in the New World | 37 |
| The Big Business of Slave Trading | 40 |
| One-Way Passage | 44 |
| Colonial Enterprise in the Caribbean | 50 |
| The Plantation System | 51 |
| Slavery in Mainland Latin America | 57 |
4 | Colonial Slavery | 64 |
| Virginia and Maryland | 65 |
| The Carolinas and Georgia | 69 |
| The Middle Colonies | 72 |
| Blacks in Colonial New England | 75 |
5 | That All May Be Free | 79 |
| Slavery and the Revolutionary Philosophy | 80 |
| Blacks Fighting for American Independence | 84 |
| The Movement to Manumit Slaves | 91 |
| The Conservative Reaction | 93 |
6 | Blacks in the New Republic | 96 |
| The Black Population in 1790 | 97 |
| Slavery and the Industrial Revolution | 99 |
| Trouble in the Caribbean | 101 |
| The Closing of the Slave Trade | 104 |
| The Search for Independence | 105 |
7 | Blacks and Manifest Destiny | 118 |
| Frontier Influences | 119 |
| Black Pioneers in the Westward March | 120 |
| The War of 1812 | 122 |
| Emergence of the Cotton Kingdom | 125 |
| The Domestic Slave Trade | 128 |
| Persistence of the African Trade | 136 |
8 | That Peculiar Institution | 138 |
| Scope and Extent | 139 |
| The Slave Codes | 140 |
| Plantation Scene | 143 |
| Nonagricultural Pursuits | 150 |
| Social Considerations | 151 |
| The Slave's Reaction to Bondage | 158 |
9 | Quasi-Free Blacks | 167 |
| American Anomaly | 168 |
| Economic and Social Development | 172 |
| The Struggle in the North and West | 184 |
| Colonization | 187 |
10 | Slavery and Intersectional Strife | 192 |
| The North Attacks | 193 |
| Black Abolitionists | 199 |
| Runaways--Overland and Underground | 204 |
| The South Strikes Back | 210 |
| Stress and Strain in the 1850s | 214 |
11 | Civil War | 220 |
| Uncertain Federal Policy | 221 |
| Moving toward Freedom | 228 |
| Confederate Policy | 233 |
| Blacks Fighting for the Union | 238 |
| Victory! | 243 |
12 | The Effort to Attain Peace | 245 |
| Reconstruction and the Nation | 246 |
| Conflicting Policies | 249 |
| Relief and Rehabilitation | 253 |
| Economic Adjustment | 258 |
| Political Currents | 264 |
13 | Losing the Peace | 272 |
| The Struggle for Domination | 273 |
| The Overthrow of Reconstruction | 277 |
| The Movement for Disfranchisement | 281 |
| The Triumph of White Supremacy | 286 |
14 | Philanthropy and Self-Help | 292 |
| Northern Philanthropy and African-American Education | 293 |
| The Age of Booker T. Washington | 299 |
| Struggles in the Economic Sphere | 307 |
| Social and Cultural Growth | 313 |
15 | The Color Line | 326 |
| The New American Imperialism | 327 |
| America's Empire of People of Color | 335 |
| Urban Problems | 340 |
| The Pattern of Violence | 345 |
| New Solutions for Old Problems | 350 |
16 | In Pursuit of Democracy | 357 |
| World War I | 358 |
| The Enlistment of African Americans | 360 |
| Service Overseas | 366 |
| On the Home Front | 374 |
17 | Democracy Escapes | 382 |
| The Reaction | 383 |
| The Voice of Protest Rises | 392 |
18 | The Harlem Renaissance | 400 |
| Socioeconomic Problems and African-American Literature | 401 |
| Harlem, the Seat and Center | 404 |
| The Circle Widens | 415 |
19 | The New Deal | 418 |
| Depression | 419 |
| Political Regeneration | 422 |
| Roosevelt's "Black Cabinet" | 429 |
| Government Agencies and Relief for Blacks | 432 |
| Black Labor and the Unions | 439 |
20 | The American Dilemma | 444 |
| Trends in Education | 445 |
| Opportunities for Self-Expression | 455 |
| The World of African Americans | 464 |
| One World or Two? | 470 |
21 | Fighting for the Four Freedoms | 475 |
| Arsenal of Democracy | 476 |
| Blacks in the Service | 481 |
| The Home Fires | 492 |
| The United Nations and Human Welfare | 499 |
22 | African Americans in the Cold War Era | 505 |
| Progress | 506 |
| Reaction | 511 |
| Urbanization and Its Consequences | 515 |
23 | The Black Revolution | 522 |
| The Road to Revolution | 523 |
| The Beginnings | 526 |
| Marching for Freedom | 532 |
| The Illusion of Equality | 538 |
| Revolution at High Tide | 549 |
| Balance Sheet of the Revolution | 559 |
24 | Reaction and Progress | 563 |
| The Reagan Years | 564 |
| A New Economic and Political Thrust | 570 |
| The Bush Quadrennium | 574 |
| Writers and Artists in Later Years | 580 |
| Heard and Seen by Millions | 590 |
25 | Half Century of Change | 602 |
| Stirrings | 603 |
| "On the Pulse of Morning" | 612 |
| Race-Based Politics | 614 |
| Enlarging Educational Opportunities | 616 |
| African Americans and the World | 619 |
| Bibliographical Notes | 637 |
| Appendixes | 686 |
| Acknowledgments | 704 |
| Index | 705 |