Table of Contents
Foreword Richard G. Olmstead ix
Preface Linda Chalker-Scott xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction 3
Natives, Varieties, Cultivars, and Hybrids 3
History of Gardening with Natives in the Northwest 4
Garden and Landscape Uses of Native Plants 6
Plant Names 16
In This Book 17
1 Garden Ecology 18
Natural Environments in the Pacific Northwest 18
Climate Change and Native Plants 34
Introduced, Naturalized, and Invasive Species 34
2 Garden Science 39
Analyzing Site Conditions 39
Preparing the Soil 41
Selecting Quality Plants 41
Planting Nursery Plants into the Landscape 45
Caring for New Transplants 47
Managing Weeds and Invasive Species 49
3 Native Ornamental Trees 51
Conifers 51
Broad-Leaved Trees 75
4 Native Ornamental Shrubs 95
Coniferous Evergreen Shrubs 95
Evergreen Broad-Leaved Shrubs and Woody Groundcovers 95
Deciduous Shrubs 121
5 Native Ornamental Herbaceous Perennials 152
Use of Herbaceous Perennials from the Wild 152
Ferns 153
Ground Orchids (Orchidaceae) 165
Lilies and Irises (Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Asparagaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, and Tofieldiaceae), and Their Kin 166
Lily and Iris Kin for Rock Gardens and Border Plantings 178
Other Herbaceous Perennials 192
6 Native Ornamental Grasses and Grasslike Plants 312
Grasses for Woodland Settings 313
Grasses and Their Kin for Wetlands 316
Meadow Grasses 319
Grasses at the Seashore 322
Alpine and Low-Growing Grasses for the Rock Garden 323
Grasses for East of the Cascades 325
7 Native Ornamental Annuals 328
Appendix: Native Plant Societies and Botanical Gardens 333
Glossary of Botanical, Horticultural, and Gardening Terms 335
Selected Bibliography 339
Photography Credits 345
Index of Subjects 353
Index of Scientific and Common Names 356