Table of Contents
List of Tables
I The Great Upheaval 1
1 The End of Empire: Germany under Napoleon 1
2 The Great Reforms 19
3 The Great War and a Difficult Peace 67
II Life, Work, Business 85
1 Population 85
2 Family, Gender, Generations 97
3 Everyday Life 111
4 Agriculture and Rural Society 125
5 Industrialisation 155
6 Crafts 182
7 The Lower Classes, Factories, Industrial Workers, Social Problems 191
8 The Problem of Minorities: the Jews 217
9 Bourgeois Society 223
III Restoration and Vormarz, 1815-48 237
1 The End of the Reforms: Constitutions and Restoration 237
2 The Great Movements 250
3 The State and the States 280
4 German and European Politics 313
5 The Effects of the July Revolution 323
6 The Formation and Restructuring of the German Political Parties 333
7 Vormarz 350
IV Faith and Knowledge; Education and Art 356
1 Religion, Church, De-Christianisation 356
2 Education: School and University 398
3 The Sciences 428
4 Aesthetic Culture: Music, Art and Literature 472
5 The Reading Revolution and the Rise of the Press 520
V The Revolution of 1848-49 527
1 The March Revolution 527
2 The Road to the Paulskirche 537
3 Extraparliamentary Movements: Denominational and Social Problems 547
4 Germany and Europe 553
5 Between Radicalisation and Counter-Revolution 560
6 The Imperial Constitution and the Empire 579
7 The End 588
8 The Failed Revolution 590
9 Epilogue: Germany as a Union of the States? 595
VI Between Reaction and Liberalism: Bismarck and the Problem of German Unity, 1849-66 599
1 Reaction in Germany, 1849-59 599
2 German Policy in the 1850s 608
3 Germany in Europe: From the Crimean War to the Italian War 612
4 The New Era 620
5 The German Question, 1859-63 627
6 Politics and Society: Changes in the Parties 636
7 The Constitutional Conflict in Prussia and Bismarck's Minister-Presidency 667
8 The Decision concerning Germany: German and European Politics, 1863-66 684
9 Consequences 704
Epilogue 716
Index 717