Gerontological Nursing / Edition 9 available in Paperback
Gerontological Nursing / Edition 9
- ISBN-10:
- 0060000384
- ISBN-13:
- 9780060000387
- Pub. Date:
- 02/09/2017
- Publisher:
- LWW
Gerontological Nursing / Edition 9
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Overview
Awarded second place in the 2017 AJN Book of the Year Awards in Gerontologic Nursing.Prepare your students for successful gerontological practice!Focusing on the content that students need to know for effective practice, this text offers engaging, evidence-based coverage of the aging process, factors contributing to healthy aging, and unique aspects of disease presentation and management in older adults. Updated to help students meet the challenges of this increasingly diverse population, the ninth edition retains its acclaimed holistic approach through insightful coverage of the psychosocial, legal, ethical, and spiritual elements of patient care.HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NINTH EDITION
• Concept Mastery Alerts improve students’ understanding of potentially confusing topics, as identified by Lippincott’s Adaptive Learning Powered by PrepU.
• Consider This Case, Bringing Research to Life, Practice Realities, and Critical Thinking Exercises make concepts come alive and show students how the concepts they are learning are applied in real-life contexts.
• In-text learning aids —including bolded key terms, communication tips, points to ponder, key concepts, and chapter summaries—help students master important material.
• Nursing Diagnosis Highlights provide overviews of common diagnoses, covering causes to interventions in an easy-to-understand manner.
• Nursing Care Plans outline diagnosis, goal, and action for selected health conditions, giving students practical models for effective health care planning.
• Assessment Guides walk students through general observation, the history-taking interview, and the physical examination.
To develop highly capable nurses and promote sound clinical reasoning skills, the ninth edition is supported by Wolters Kluwer’s suite of best-in-class digital solutions, including PrepU (adaptive quizzing), DocuCare (educational EHR software), and vSim (realistic virtual simulations co-developed by Laerdal Medical and Wolters Kluwer, which are based on the NLN ACE.S Unfolding Cases).
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780060000387 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | LWW |
| Publication date: | 02/09/2017 |
| Edition description: | Ninth, North American Edition |
| Pages: | 576 |
| Product dimensions: | 7.00(w) x 9.90(h) x 0.90(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Unit 1 The Aging Experience 1
1 The Aging Population 2
Views of Older Adults Through History 3
Characteristics of the Older Adult Population 3
Population Growth and Increasing Life Expectancy 4
Marital Status and Living Arrangements 5
Income and Employment 5
Health Insurance 6
Health Status 7
Implications of an Aging Population 8
Impact of the Baby Boomers 8
Provision of and Payment for Services 9
2 Theories of Aging 11
Biological Theories of Aging 12
Stochastic Theories 13
Nonstochastic Theories 14
Sociologic Theories of Aging 16
Disengagement Theory 16
Activity Theory 16
Continuity Theory 17
Subculture Theory 17
Age Stratification Theory 17
Psychological Theories of Aging 18
Developmental Tasks 18
Gerotranscendence 18
Nursing Theories of Aging 18
Functional Consequences Theory 18
Theory of Thriving 19
Theory of Successful Aging 19
Applying Theories of Aging to Nursing Practice 19
3 Diversity 24
Increasing Diversity of the Older Adult Population 25
Overview of Diverse Groups of Older Adults in the United States 25
Hispanic Americans 26
Black Americans 27
Asian Americans 28
Jewish Americans 30
Native Americans 30
Muslims 31
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults 32
Nursing Considerations for Culturally Sensitive Care of Older Adults 32
4 Life Transitions and Story 37
Ageism 38
Changes in Family Roles and Relationships 38
Parenting 39
Grandparenting 39
Loss of Spouse 41
Retirement 42
Loss of the Work Role 42
Reduced Income 43
Changes in Health and Functioning 44
Cumulative Effects of Life Transitions 45
Shrinking Social World 45
Awareness of Mortality 46
Responding to Life Transitions 47
Life Review and Life Story 47
Self-Reflection 48
Strengthening Inner Resources 50
5 Common Aging Changes 54
Changes to the Body 55
Cells 55
Physical Appearance 55
Respiratory System 56
Cardiovascular System 57
Gastrointestinal System 58
Urinary System 59
Reproductive System 60
Musculoskeletal System 61
Nervous System 62
Sensory Organs 63
Endocrine System 65
Integumentary System 66
Immune System 66
Thermoregulation 66
Changes to the Mind 67
Personality 67
Memory 67
Intelligence 67
Learning 67
Attention Span 68
Nursing Implications of Age-Related Changes 68
Unit 2 Foundations of Gerontological Nursing 73
6 The Specialty of Gerontological Nursing 74
Development of Gerontological Nursing 75
Core Elements of Gerontological Nursing Practice 77
Evidence-Based Practice 77
Standards 77
Competencies 77
Principles 78
Gerontological Nursing Roles 81
Healer 81
Caregiver 82
Educator 82
Advocate 83
Innovator 83
Advanced Practice Nursing Roles 83
Self-Care and Nurturing 83
Following Positive Health Care Practices 83
Strengthening and Building Connections 83
Committing to a Dynamic Process 85
The Future of Gerontological Nursing 85
Utilize Evidence-Based Practices 86
Advanced Research 86
Promote Integrative Care 87
Educate Caregivers 87
Develop New Roles 88
Balance Quality Care and Health Care Costs 88
7 Holistic Assessment and Care Planning 91
Holistic Gerontological Care 92
Holistic Assessment of Needs 92
Health Promotion-Related Needs 93
Health Challenges-Related Needs 94
Requisites to Meet Needs 94
Gerontological Nursing Processes 95
Examples of Application 95
Applying the Holistic Model: The Case of Mrs. D 96
The Nurse as Healer 102
Healing Characteristics 102
8 Legal Aspects of Gerontological Nursing 105
Laws Governing Gerontological Nursing Practice 106
Legal Risks in Gerontological Nursing 106
Malpractice 106
Confidentiality 109
Patient Consent 109
Patient Competency 110
Staff Supervision 111
Medications 111
Restraints 111
Telephone Orders 112
Do Not Resuscitate Orders 112
Advance Directives and Issues Related to Death and Dying 112
Elder Abuse 114
Legal Safeguards for Nurses 114
9 Ethical Aspects of Gerontological Nursing 117
Philosophies Guiding Ethical Thinking 118
Ethics in Nursing 118
External and Internal Ethical Standards 118
Ethical Principles 119
Cultural Considerations 119
Ethical Dilemmas Facing Gerontological Nurses 120
Changes Increasing Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses 122
Measures to Help Nurses Make Ethical Decisions 123
10 Continuum of Care in Gerontological Nursing 126
Services in the Continuum of Care for Older Adults 127
Supportive and Preventive Services 128
Partial and Intermittent Care Services 131
Complete and Continuous Care Services 135
Complementary and Alternative Services 136
Matching Services to Needs 137
Settings and Roles for Gerontological Nurses 137
Unit 3 Health Promotion 141
11 Nutrition and Hydration 142
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults 143
Quantity and Quality of Caloric Needs 143
Nutritional Supplements 146
Special Needs of Women 147
Hydration Needs of Older Adults 147
Promotion of Oral Health 148
Threats to Good Nutrition 149
Indigestion and Food Intolerance 149
Anorexia 149
Dysphagia 150
Constipation 150
Malnutrition 150
Addressing Nutritional Status and Hydration in Older Adults 151
12 Sleep and Rest 156
Age-Related Changes in Sleep 157
Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycles 157
Sleep Stages 157
Sleep Efficiency and Quality 157
Sleep Disturbances 158
Insomnia 158
Nocturnal Myoclonus and Restless Legs Syndrome 159
Sleep Apnea 159
Medical Conditions That Affect Sleep 159
Drugs That Affect Sleep 160
Other Factors Affecting Sleep 160
Promoting Rest and Sleep in Older Adults 160
Pharmacologic Measures to Promote Sleep 160
Nonpharmacologic Measures to Promote Sleep 161
Pain Control 163
13 Comfort and Pain Management 166
Comfort 167
Pain: A Complex Phenomenon 167
Prevalence of Pain in Older Adults 167
Types of Pain 167
Pain Perception 168
Effects of Unrelieved Pain 168
Pain Assessment 168
An Integrative Approach to Pain Management 170
Complementary Therapies 170
Dietary Changes 173
Medication 173
Comforting 174
14 Safety 177
Aging and Risks to Safety 178
Importance of the Environment to Health and Wellness 178
Impact of Aging on Environmental Safety and Function 180
Lighting 182
Temperature 182
Colors 183
Scents 183
Floor Coverings 183
Furniture 184
Sensory Stimulation 184
Noise Control 184
Bathroom Hazards 185
Fire Hazards 185
Psychosocial Considerations 186
The Problem of Falls 187
Risks and Prevention 187
Risks Associated With Restraints 188
Interventions to Reduce Intrinsic Risks to Safety 190
Reducing Hydration and Nutrition Risks 190
Addressing Risks Associated With Sensory Deficits 191
Addressing Risks Associated With Mobility Limitations 191
Monitoring Body Temperature 192
Preventing Infection 192
Suggesting Sensible Clothing 192
Using Medications Cautiously 192
Avoiding Crime 193
Promoting Safe Driving 193
Promoting Early Detection of Problems 193
Addressing Risks Associated With Functional Impairment 194
15 Spirituality 197
Spiritual Needs 198
Love 198
Meaning and Purpose 198
Hope 198
Dignity 198
Forgiveness 198
Gratitude 198
Transcendence 199
Expression of Faith 199
Assessing Spiritual Needs 199
Addressing Spiritual Needs 200
Being Available 200
Honoring Beliefs and Practices 200
Providing Opportunities for Solitude 200
Promoting Hope 203
Assisting in Discovering Meaning in Challenging Situations 204
Facilitating Religious Practices 204
Praying With and for 204
16 Sexuality and Intimacy 207
Attitudes toward Sex and Older Adults 208
Realities of Sex in Older Adulthood 209
Sexual Behavior and Roles 209
Intimacy 210
Age-Related Changes and Sexual Response 210
Menopause as a journey to Inner Connection 210
Symptom Management and Patient Education 212
Self-Acceptance 213
Andropause 214
Identifying Barriers to Sexual Activity 214
Unavailability of a Partner 215
Psychological Barriers 215
Medical Conditions 218
Erectile Dysfunction 218
Medication Adverse Effects 220
Cognitive Impairment 220
Promoting Healthy Sexual Function 220
17 Safe Medication Use 224
Effects of Aging on Medication Use 225
Polypharmacy and interactions 225
Altered Pharmacokinetics 228
Altered Pharmacodynamics 230
Increased Risk of Adverse Reactions 230
Promoting the Safe Use of Drugs 230
Avoiding Potentially Inappropriate Drugs: Beers Criteria 230
Reviewing Necessity and Effectiveness of Prescribed Drugs 230
Promoting Safe and Effective Administration 233
Providing Patient Teaching 234
Monitoring Laboratory Values 235
Alternatives to Drugs 235
Review of Selected Drugs 236
Analgesics 236
Antacids 237
Antibiotics 238
Anticoagulants 238
Anticonvulsants 239
Antidiabetic (Hypoglycemic) Drugs 240
Antihypertensive Drugs 240
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 241
Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs 242
Cognitive Enhancing Drugs 243
Digoxin 243
Diuretics 244
Laxatives 244
Psychoactive Drugs 245
Unit 4 Geriatric Care 251
18 Respiration 252
Effects of Aging on Respiratory Health 253
Respiratory Health Promotion 253
Selected Respiratory Conditions 257
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 257
Pneumonia 260
Influenza 261
Lung Cancer 261
Lung Abscess 262
General Nursing Considerations for Respiratory Conditions 262
Recognizing Symptoms 262
Preventing Complications 262
Ensuring Safe Oxygen Administration 263
Performing Postural Drainage 263
Promoting Productive Coughing 264
Using Complementary Therapies 264
Promoting Self-Care 265
Providing Encouragement 266
19 Circulations 268
Effects of Aging on Cardiovascular Health 269
Cardiovascular Health Promotion 269
Proper Nutrition 270
Adequate Exercise 271
Cigarette Smoke Avoidance 271
Stress Management 271
Proactive Interventions 271
Cardiovascular Disease and Women 272
Selected Cardiovascular Conditions 272
Hypertension 272
Hypotension 277
Congestive Heart Failure 277
Pulmonary Emboli 278
Coronary Artery Disease 280
Hyperlipidemia 281
Arrhythmias 282
Peripheral Vascular Disease 282
General Nursing Considerations for Cardiovascular Conditions 285
Prevention 285
Keeping the Patient Informed 285
Preventing Complications 285
Promoting Circulation 286
Providing Foot Care 287
Managing Problems Associated With Peripheral Vascular Disease 287
Promoting Normality 288
Integrating Complementary Therapies 288
20 Digestion and Bowel Elimination 292
Effects of Aging on Gastrointestinal Health 293
Gastrointestinal Health Promotion 293
Selected Gastrointestinal Conditions and Related Nursing Considerations 297
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia) 297
Dental Problems 297
Dysphagia 298
Hiatal Hernia 299
Esophageal Cancer 299
Peptic Ulcer 299
Cancer of the Stomach 300
Diverticular Disease 301
Colorectal Cancer 301
Chronic Constipation 302
Flatulence 303
Intestinal Obstruction 303
Fecal Impaction 304
Fecal Incontinence 304
Acute Appendicitis 305
Cancer of the Pancreas 305
Biliary Tract Disease 305
21 Urinary Elimination 307
Effects of Aging on Urinary Elimination 308
Urinary System Health Promotion 309
Selected Urinary Conditions 311
Urinary Tract Infection 311
Urinary Incontinence 312
Bladder Cancer 316
Renal Calculi 316
Glomerulonephritis 316
General Nursing Considerations for Urinary Conditions 316
22 Reproductive System Health 319
Effects of Aging on the Reproductive System 320
Reproductive System Health Promotion 320
Selected Reproductive System Conditions 320
Problems of the Female Reproductive System 320
Problems of the Male Reproductive System 324
23 Mobility 328
Effects of Aging on Musculoskeletal Function 329
Musculoskeletal Health Promotion 329
Promotion of Physical Exercise in AH Age Groups 329
Exercise Programs Tailored for Older Adults 331
The Mind-Body Connection 333
Prevention of Inactivity 336
Nutrition 338
Selected Musculoskeletal Conditions 338
Fractures 338
Osteoarthritis 342
Rheumatoid Arthritis 344
Osteoporosis 345
Gout 346
Podiatric Conditions 346
General Nursing Considerations for Musculoskeletal Conditions 348
Managing Pain 348
Preventing injury 348
Promoting Independence 349
24 Neurologic Function 352
Effects of Aging on the Nervous System 353
Neurologic Health Promotion 353
Selected Neurologic Conditions 356
Parkinson's Disease 356
Transient ischemic Attacks 357
Cerebrovascular Accidents 358
General Nursing Considerations for Neurologic Conditions 361
Promoting Independence 361
Preventing Injury 361
25 Vision and Hearing 364
Effects of Aging on Vision and Hearing 365
Sensory Health Promotion 365
Promoting Vision 365
Promoting Hearing 366
Assessing Problems 366
Selected Vision and Hearing Conditions and Related Nursing Interventions 368
Visual Deficits 368
Hearing Deficits 374
General Nursing Considerations for Visual and Hearing Deficits 376
26 Endocrine Function 378
Effects of Aging on Endocrine Function 379
Selected Endocrine Conditions and Related Nursing Considerations 379
Diabetes Mellitus 379
Hypothyroidism 387
Hyperthyroidism 387
27 Skin Health 390
Effects of Aging on the Skin 391
Promotion of Skin Health 391
Selected Skin Conditions 392
Pruritus 392
Keratosis 393
Seborrheic Keratosis 394
Skin Cancer 394
Vascular Lesions 395
Pressure Injury 396
General Nursing Considerations for Skin Conditions 398
Promoting Normalcy 398
Using Alternative Therapies 399
28 Cancer 401
Aging and Cancer 402
Unique Challenges for Older PersonsWith Cancer 402
Explanations for Increased Incidence in Old Age 402
Risk Factors, Prevention, and Screening 402
Treatment 404
Conventional Treatment 404
Complementary and Alternative Medicine 405
Nursing Considerations for Older Adults With Cancer 406
Providing Patient Education 406
Promoting Optimum Care 406
Providing Support to Patients and Families 406
29 Mental Health Disorders 410
Aging and Mental Health 411
Promoting Mental Health in Older Adults 411
Selected Mental Health Conditions 412
Depression 412
Anxiety 418
Substance Abuse 419
Paranoia 420
Nursing Considerations for Mental Health Conditions 421
Monitoring Medications 421
Promoting a Positive Self-Concept 421
Managing Behavioral Problems 421
30 Delirium and Dementia 427
Delirium 428
Dementia 431
Alzheimer's Disease 431
Other Dementias 434
Caring for Persons With Dementia 435
31 Living in Harmony With Chronic Conditins 442
Chronic Conditions and Older Adults 443
Goals for Chronic Care 443
Assessment of Chronic Care Needs 446
Maximizing the Benefits of Chronic Care 447
Selecting an Appropriate Physician 447
Using a Chronic Care Coach 447
Increasing Knowledge 448
Locating a Support Group 448
Making Smart Lifestyle Choices 448
Using Complementary and Alternative Therapies 448
Factors Affecting the Course of Chronic Care 450
Defense Mechanisms and implications 450
Psychosocial Factors 450
Impact of Ongoing Care on the Family 451
The Need for Institutional Care 451
Chronic Care: A Nursing Challenge 451
Unit 5 Setting and Special Issues in Geriatric Care 455
32 Rehabilitative and Restorative Care 456
Rehabilitative and Restorative Care 457
Living With Disability 458
Importance of Attitude and Coping Capacity 458
Losses Accompanying Disability 458
Principles of Rehabilitative Nursing 459
Functional Assessment 459
Interventions to Facilitate and Improve Functioning 461
Facilitating Proper Positioning 461
Assisting With Range-of-Motion Exercises 461
Assisting With Mobility Aids and Assistive Technology 462
Teaching About Bowel and Bladder Training 466
Maintaining and Promoting Mental Function 469
Using Community Resources 470
33 Acute Care 473
Risks Associated With Hospitalization of Older Adults 474
Surgical Care 475
Special Risks for Older Adults 475
Preoperative Care Considerations 475
Operative and Postoperative Care Considerations 477
Emergency Care 478
Infections 482
Discharge Planning for Older Adults 483
34 Long-Term Care 487
Development of Long-Term Institutional Care 488
Before the 20th Century 488
During the 20th Century 488
Lessons to Be Learned From History 489
Nursing Homes Today 490
Nursing Home Standards 490
Nursing Home Residents 490
Nursing Roles and Responsibilities 493
Other Settings for Long-Term Care 495
Assisted Living Communities 495
Community-Based and Home Health Care 495
Looking Forward: A New Model of Long-Term Care 496
35 Family Caregiving 500
The Older Adult's Family 501
Identification of Family Members 501
Family Member Roles 501
Family Dynamics and Relationships 502
Scope of Family Caregiving 503
Long-Distance Caregiving 504
Protecting the Health of the Older Adult and Caregiver 505
Family Dysfunction and Abuse 507
Rewards of Family Caregiving 508
36 End-of-Life Care 511
Definitions of Death 512
Family Experience With the Dying Process 512
Supporting the Dying Individual 513
Stages of the Dying Process and Related Nursing Interventions 514
Rational Suicide and Assisted Suicide 517
Physical Care Challenges 518
Spiritual Care Needs 519
Signs of imminent Death 520
Advance Directives 520
Supporting Family and Friends 521
Supporting Through the Stages of the Dying Process 521
Helping Family and Friends After a Death 522
Supporting Nursing Staff 522
Index 525