Hellmira: The Union's Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp - Elmira, NY
Long called by some the “Andersonville of the North,” the prisoner of war camp in Elmira, New York, is remembered as the most notorious of all Union-run POW camps. It existed for only a year—from the summer of 1864 to July 1865—but in that time, and for long after, it became darkly emblematic of man’s inhumanity to man.

Confederate prisoners called it “Hellmira.”

Hastily constructed, poorly planned, and overcrowded, prisoner of war camps North and South were dumping grounds for the refuse of war. An unfortunate necessity, both sides regarded the camps as temporary inconveniences—and distractions from the important task of winning the war. There was no need, they believed, to construct expensive shelters or provide better rations. They needed only to sustain life long enough for the war to be won. Victory would deliver prisoners from their conditions.

As a result, conditions in the prisoner of war camps amounted to a great humanitarian crisis, the extent of which could hardly be understood even after the blood stopped flowing on the battlefields.

In the years after the war, as Reconstruction became increasingly bitter, the North pointed to Camp Sumter—better known as the Andersonville POW camp in Americus, Georgia—as evidence of the cruelty and barbarity of the Confederacy. The South, in turn, cited the camp in Elmira as a place where Union authorities withheld adequate food and shelter and purposefully caused thousands to suffer in the bitter cold. This finger-pointing by both sides would go on for over a century.

And as it did, the legend of Hellmira grew.

In Hellmira: The Union’s Most Infamous POW Camp of the Civil War, Derek Maxfield contextualizes the rise of prison camps during the Civil War, explores the failed exchange of prisoners, and tells the tale of the creation and evolution of the prison camp in Elmira. In the end, Maxfield suggests that it is time to move on from the blame game and see prisoner of war camps—North and South—as a great humanitarian failure.
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Hellmira: The Union's Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp - Elmira, NY
Long called by some the “Andersonville of the North,” the prisoner of war camp in Elmira, New York, is remembered as the most notorious of all Union-run POW camps. It existed for only a year—from the summer of 1864 to July 1865—but in that time, and for long after, it became darkly emblematic of man’s inhumanity to man.

Confederate prisoners called it “Hellmira.”

Hastily constructed, poorly planned, and overcrowded, prisoner of war camps North and South were dumping grounds for the refuse of war. An unfortunate necessity, both sides regarded the camps as temporary inconveniences—and distractions from the important task of winning the war. There was no need, they believed, to construct expensive shelters or provide better rations. They needed only to sustain life long enough for the war to be won. Victory would deliver prisoners from their conditions.

As a result, conditions in the prisoner of war camps amounted to a great humanitarian crisis, the extent of which could hardly be understood even after the blood stopped flowing on the battlefields.

In the years after the war, as Reconstruction became increasingly bitter, the North pointed to Camp Sumter—better known as the Andersonville POW camp in Americus, Georgia—as evidence of the cruelty and barbarity of the Confederacy. The South, in turn, cited the camp in Elmira as a place where Union authorities withheld adequate food and shelter and purposefully caused thousands to suffer in the bitter cold. This finger-pointing by both sides would go on for over a century.

And as it did, the legend of Hellmira grew.

In Hellmira: The Union’s Most Infamous POW Camp of the Civil War, Derek Maxfield contextualizes the rise of prison camps during the Civil War, explores the failed exchange of prisoners, and tells the tale of the creation and evolution of the prison camp in Elmira. In the end, Maxfield suggests that it is time to move on from the blame game and see prisoner of war camps—North and South—as a great humanitarian failure.
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Hellmira: The Union's Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp - Elmira, NY

Hellmira: The Union's Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp - Elmira, NY

Hellmira: The Union's Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp - Elmira, NY

Hellmira: The Union's Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp - Elmira, NY

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Overview

Long called by some the “Andersonville of the North,” the prisoner of war camp in Elmira, New York, is remembered as the most notorious of all Union-run POW camps. It existed for only a year—from the summer of 1864 to July 1865—but in that time, and for long after, it became darkly emblematic of man’s inhumanity to man.

Confederate prisoners called it “Hellmira.”

Hastily constructed, poorly planned, and overcrowded, prisoner of war camps North and South were dumping grounds for the refuse of war. An unfortunate necessity, both sides regarded the camps as temporary inconveniences—and distractions from the important task of winning the war. There was no need, they believed, to construct expensive shelters or provide better rations. They needed only to sustain life long enough for the war to be won. Victory would deliver prisoners from their conditions.

As a result, conditions in the prisoner of war camps amounted to a great humanitarian crisis, the extent of which could hardly be understood even after the blood stopped flowing on the battlefields.

In the years after the war, as Reconstruction became increasingly bitter, the North pointed to Camp Sumter—better known as the Andersonville POW camp in Americus, Georgia—as evidence of the cruelty and barbarity of the Confederacy. The South, in turn, cited the camp in Elmira as a place where Union authorities withheld adequate food and shelter and purposefully caused thousands to suffer in the bitter cold. This finger-pointing by both sides would go on for over a century.

And as it did, the legend of Hellmira grew.

In Hellmira: The Union’s Most Infamous POW Camp of the Civil War, Derek Maxfield contextualizes the rise of prison camps during the Civil War, explores the failed exchange of prisoners, and tells the tale of the creation and evolution of the prison camp in Elmira. In the end, Maxfield suggests that it is time to move on from the blame game and see prisoner of war camps—North and South—as a great humanitarian failure.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781611214871
Publisher: Savas Beatie
Publication date: 04/16/2020
Series: Emerging Civil War Series
Pages: 192
Sales rank: 1,030,920
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 8.80(h) x 0.50(d)

About the Author

Derek Maxfield is an associate professor of history at Genesee Community College in Batavia, New York. Author of Hellmira: The Union’s Most Infamous Civil War Prison Camp—Elmira, NY, Maxfield has written for Emerging Civil War since 2015. In 2019, he was honored with the SUNY Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching, and in 2013, he was awarded the SUNY Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activities.

Chris Mackowski, Ph.D., is the editor-in-chief of Emerging Civil War. He is a writing professor in the Jandoli School of Communication at St. Bonaventure University and the historian-in-residence at Stevenson Ridge, a historic property on the Spotsylvania battlefield. He has authored or co-authored more than two dozen books on the Civil War.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments viii

Foreword Chris Mackowski xiii

Introduction xxi

Prologue xxix

Chapter 1 The Refuse of War 1

Chapter 2 To Exchange or Not to Exchange 19

Chapter 3 The Chemung Valley Plays Host 29

Chapter 4 Trouble in the Wind 39

Chapter 5 Into Winter 51

Chapter 6 A Pretty Place to Die 61

Chapter 7 Butternut Capitalists 71

Chapter 8 Going Home and Going Away 83

Epilogue: The Melancholy Debate 89

Appendix A Driving Tour of Elmira 95

Appendix B John W. Jones: The Great Care-Taker 105

Appendix C A. "Most Appalling" Scene: The Shohola Train Wreck, of 1864 Terrianne K. Schulte 117

Appendix D "The Best Avenue of Escape": Berry Benson and His Escape from Elmira Kevin R. Pawlak Kristen M. Pawlak 127

Appendix E "A Foretaste of Heaven": How Elmira Gave the World Mark Twain R. Michael Gosselin 135

Appendix F Andersonville Derek D. Maxfield 143

Appendix G Saving Hellmira Terri Olszowy 149

Suggested Reading 156

About the Author 160

Footnotes-for this volume are available at emergingcivilwar.com/publications/the-emerging-civil-war-series/footnotes

List of Maps

Prison Camp Overlay Aaron Wheeler 33

Elmira Driving Tour Guide Edward Alexander 94

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