Here is the first critique of modern Hebrew literature to examine the vital concept of place through which we learn about some of the pressing concerns and issues of contemporary Israelis. The geographical shift in Jewish existence from west to east, culminating in the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, corresponded to a shift from an existence outside time and space to an existence within space. From that movement arose a dialectical tension between Israel and Europe, home and abroad. While the first generation of Hebrew writers in Israel looked inward to Israel, subsequent Israeli writers began to move their protagonists abroad, especially to Europe. The renewed encounter provoked admiration and attraction as well as hostility and repulsion. Some protagonists escaped to, others from, Europe; for both, Europe is not just a tourist site but a world of difference from Israel. Europe is also presented as a challenge to the culture of the Israeli-born Sabra. It is easier to ask fundamental questions about the nature of the whole Israeli national enterprise when the characters are moved away, to look back from afar. In many contemporary novels, Israeli protagonists go abroad, are displaced, away from the narrow confines of their existence at home. The issue of movement has become linked with that of identity. This book focuses on six novels in which characters leave Israel but then return, manifesting the tension between home and abroad in the dialectics of outside and inside. This allows the authors to use place on a thematic as well as a structural level. Thus, Europe often assumes a metaphoric, or, alternatively, a metonymic function. Places may also be presented by contrasting their analogous descriptions or their social and cultural aspects. Finally, place may be used to analyse the soul, for external place images can reveal the inner reaches of the psyche.
