All organic matter eventually decomposes. Composting speeds the
process by providing an ideal environment for bacteria and other
decomposing microorganisms. The final product, humus or compost,
looks and feels like fertile garden soil.
This dark, crumbly, earthy smelling stuff works wonders on all kinds of soil and provides vital nutrients to help plants grow and look better. Decomposing organisms
consist of bacteria, fungi, and larger organisms such as worms, sow
bugs, nematodes, and numerous others.
Decomposing organisms need four key elements to thrive: nitrogen, carbon, moisture, and oxygen. For best results, mix materials high in nitrogen (such as clover, fresh grass
clippings, and livestock manure) and those high in carbon (such as dried
leaves and twigs). If there is not a good supply of nitrogen-rich material,
a handful of general lawn fertilizer will help the nitrogen-carbon ratio.
Moisture is provided by rain, but you may need to water or cover the pile
to keep it damp. Be careful not to saturate the pile. Turning or mixing the
pile provides oxygen. Frequent turning yields faster decomposition.
