Table of Contents
List of Boxed Features xi
List of Figures
Acknowledgments xiii
How to Use This Book xvi
Introduction: Welcome to Sociological Theory 1
Analyzing Social Life 4
Societal Transformation and the Origins of Sociology 12
The Establishment of Sociology 17
The Sociological Craft in the Nineteenth Century 23
Summary 27
Glossary 28
1 Karl Marx 31
Expansion of Capitalism 33
Marx’s Theory of History 35
Human Nature 40
Capitalism as a Distinctive Social Form 42
Wage-Labor 48
The Division of Labor and Alienation 52
Economic Inequality 59
Ideology and Power 62
Summary 71
Glossary 72
2 Emile Durkheim 77
Durkheim’s Methodological Rules 80
The Nature of Society 84
Societal Transformation and Social Cohesion 89
Traditional Society 89
Modern Society 92
Social Conditions of Suicide 98
Religion and the Sacred 106
Summary 111
Glossary 112
3 Max Weber 115
Sociology: Understanding Social Action 118
Culture and Economic Activity 119
Ideal Types 126
Social Action 127
Power, Authority, and Domination 133
Social Stratification 142
Modernity and Competing Values 145
Summary 148
Glossary 149
4 Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton: Functionalism and Modernization 153
Talcott Parsons 154
The Social System 156
Socialization and Societal Integration 158
Social Differentiation, Culture, and the Secularization of Protestantism 160
Pattern Variables 163
Modernization Theory 167
Stratification and Inequality 169
Robert Merton’s Middle-Range Theory 172
Parsons’s Legacy: Varied Directions
Summary 176
Glossary 178
5 Critical Theory: Technology, Culture, and Politics 181
Dialectic of Enlightenment 187
Mass Culture and Consumption 192
Politics: Uniformity and Control199
Jurgen Habermas: The State and Society 201
Summary 208
Glossary 210
6 Conflict, Power, and Dependency in Macro-Societal Processes 215
Ralf Dahrendorf’s Theory of Group Conflict 216
C. Wright Mills 220
Dependency Theory: Neo-Marxist Critiques of Economic Development 225
Summary 231
Glossary 233
7 Exchange, Exchange Network, and Rational Choice Theories 235
Exchange Theory 236
Exchange Network Theory
Actor Network Theory 242
Rational Choice Theory 246
Analytical Marxism 251
Summary 253
Glossary 254
8 Symbolic Interactionism 257
Development of the Self through Social Interaction 258
The Premises of Symbolic Interactionism 263
Erving Goffman: Society as Ritualized Social Interaction 265
Symbolic Interactionism and Ethnographic Research 279
Summary 280
Glossary 281
9 Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology 285
Phenomenology 286
Ethnomethodology 298
Summary 307
Glossary 308
10 Feminist Theories 311
Consciousness of Women’s Inequality 313
Standpoint Theory: Dorothy Smith and the Relations of Ruling 316
Masculinity
Patricia Hill Collins:Black Women’s Standpoint 327
Sociology of Emotion 335
Arlie Hochschild: Emotional Labor 336
Summary 344
Glossary 345
11 Michel Foucault:Sexuality, the Body, and Power 349
Michel Foucault 350
Sexuality and Queer Theory 360
Summary 367
Glossary 368
12 Race, Racism, and the Construction of Racial Otherness 371
Racial Otherness 373
Social Change, Race, and Racism 377
Slavery, Colonialism, and Racial Formation 381
William Du Bois: Slavery and Racial Inequality 384
Race and Class 388
Race, Community, and Democracy 390
Culture and the New Racism 396
Summary 400
Glossary 401
13 The Social Reproduction of Inequality 405
Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Class and Culture Social Stratification 406
Family and School in the Production of Cultural Capital 410
Taste and Everyday Practices 414
Summary 424
Glossary 425
14 Economic and Political Globalization What is Globalization? 454
Economic Globalization 456
Immanuel Wallerstein: The Modern World-System 457
Contemporary Economic Globalizing Processes 463
Globalizing Political Processes: The Changing Authority of the Nation-State Migration and Political Mobilization in a Transnational World 483
Summary 447
Glossary 448
15 Modernities, Cosmopolitanism, and Global Consumer Culture
Contrite Modernity
Multiple Modernities
Global Risk Society
Cosmopolitan Modernity
The Global Expansion of Human Rights
Global Consumer Culture
Summary Glossary
Glossary
Sociological Theorists and their Key Writings
References
Index