Introductory Chemistry Essentials / Edition 6

by Nivaldo Tro

Overview

NOTE: This edition features the same content as the traditional text in a convenient, three-hole-punched, loose-leaf version. Books a la Carte also offer a great value; this format costs significantly less than a new textbook. Before purchasing, check with your instructor or review your course syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of MyLab^™ and Mastering^™ platforms exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a Course ID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use MyLab and Mastering products.

For one-semester courses in Preparatory Chemistry

Builds 21st century and problem solving skills, preparing students for success

Now in its 6th Edition, the best-selling Introductory Chemistry continues to encourage student interest by showing how chemistry manifests in students’ daily lives. Author Nivaldo Tro draws upon his classroom experience as an award-winning instructor to extend chemistry from the laboratory to the student’s world, capturing student attention with relevant applications and an engaging writing style. The text provides a superior teaching and learning experience, enabling deep conceptual understanding, fostering the development of problem-solving skills, and encouraging interest in chemistry with concrete examples. Extending chemistry from the lab to the student’s world, the text reveals that anyone can master chemistry.

Refined to meet its purpose of teaching relevant skills, the 6th Edition includes new questions, data, and sections to help students build the 21st century skills necessary to succeed in introductory chemistry and beyond. Already a visual text, in this edition the art has been further refined and improved, making the visual impact sharper and more targeted to student learning. The new edition also includes new Conceptual Checkpoints, a widely embraced feature that emphasizes understanding rather than calculation, as well as a new category of end-of-chapter questions called Data Interpretation and Analysis, which present real data in real life situations and ask students to analyze and interpret that data.

Also available with Mastering Chemistry.

Mastering
^™
Chemistry from Pearson is the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging students with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning Catalytics^™. Students can further master concepts through homework assignments that provide hints and answer-specific feedback. The Mastering gradebook records scores for all automatically graded assignments in one place, while diagnostic tools give instructors access to rich data to assess student understanding and misconceptions.

If you would like to purchase both the loose-leaf version of the text and MyLab and Mastering, search for:

0134558693 / 9780134558691 Introductory Chemistry Essentials, Books a la Carte Plus MasteringChemistry with Pearson eText — Access Card Package

Package consists of:

• 0134412753 / 9780134412757 MasteringChemistry with Pearson eText — ValuePack Access Card — for Introductory Chemistry
• 0134555589 / 9780134555584 Introductory Chemistry Essentials, Books a la Carte Edition

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780134555584
Publisher:	Pearson Education
Publication date:	01/19/2017
Edition description:	6th ed.
Pages:	744
Product dimensions:	8.40(w) x 10.80(h) x 0.90(d)

About the Author

About our author

Nivaldo Tro has been teaching college Chemistry since 1990 and is currently teaching at Santa Barbara Community College. He received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Stanford University for work on developing and using optical techniques to study the adsorption and desorption of molecules to and from surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum. He then went on to the University of California at Berkeley, where he did postdoctoral research on ultrafast reaction dynamics in solution. Professor Tro has been awarded grants from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, the Research Corporation, and the National Science Foundation to study the dynamics of various processes occurring in thin adlayer films adsorbed on dielectric surfaces. Professor Tro lives in Santa Barbara with his wife, Ann, and their four children, Michael, Ali, Kyle, and Kaden. In his leisure time, Professor Tro enjoys mountain biking, surfing, and being outdoors with his family.

Table of Contents

1. The Chemical World

• 1.1 Sand and Water
• 1.2 Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
• 1.3 The Scientific Method: How Chemists Think
• 1.4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data
• 1.5 A Beginning Chemist: How to Succeed

2. Measurement and Problem Solving

• 2.1 The Metric Mix-up: A $125 Million Unit Error
• 2.2 Scientific Notation: Writing Large and Small Numbers
• 2.3 Significant Figures: Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
• 2.4 Significant Figures in Calculations
• 2.5 The Basic Units of Measurement
• 2.6 Problem Solving and Unit Conversion
• 2.7 Solving Multistep Unit Conversion Problems
• 2.8 Unit Conversion in Both the Numerator and Denominator
• 2.9 Units Raised to a Power
• 2.10 Density
• 2.11 Numerical Problem-Solving Strategies and the Solution Map

3. Matter and Energy

• 3.1 In Your Room
• 3.2 What Is Matter?
• 3.3 Classifying Matter According to Its State: Solid, Liquid, and Gas
• 3.4 Classifying Matter According to Its Composition: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
• 3.5 Differences in Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties
• 3.6 Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes
• 3.7 Conservation of Mass: There Is No New Matter
• 3.8 Energy
• 3.9 Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
• 3.10 Temperature: Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
• 3.11 Temperature Changes: Heat Capacity
• 3.12 Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations

4. Atoms and Elements

• 4.1 Experiencing Atoms at Tiburon
• 4.2 Indivisible: The Atomic Theory
• 4.3 The Nuclear Atom
• 4.4 The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
• 4.5 Elements: Defined by Their Numbers of Protons
• 4.6 Looking for Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
• 4.7 Ions: Losing and Gaining Electrons
• 4.8 Isotopes: When the Number of Neutrons Varies
• 4.9 Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Element's Atoms

5. Molecules and Compounds

• 5.1 Sugar and Salt
• 5.2 Compounds Display Constant Composition
• 5.3 Chemical Formulas: How to Represent Compounds
• 5.4 A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
• 5.5 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
• 5.6 Nomenclature: Naming Compounds
• 5.7 Naming Ionic Compounds
• 5.8 Naming Molecular Compounds
• 5.9 Naming Acids
• 5.10 Nomenclature Summary
• 5.11 Formula Mass: The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit

6. Chemical Composition

• 6.1 How Much Sodium?
• 6.2 Counting Nails by the Pound
• 6.3 Counting Atoms by the Gram
• 6.4 Counting Molecules by the Gram
• 6.5 Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
• 6.6 Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
• 6.7 Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
• 6.8 Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
• 6.9 Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds

7. Chemical Reactions

• 7.1 Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents
• 7.2 Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
• 7.3 The Chemical Equation
• 7.4 How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
• 7.5 Aqueous Solutions and Solubility: Compounds Dissolved in Water
• 7.6 Precipitation Reactions: Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid
• 7.7 Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution: Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
• 7.8 Acid-Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
• 7.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
• 7.10 Classifying Chemical Reactions

8. Quantities in Chemical Reactions

• 8.1 Climate Change: Too Much Carbon Dioxide
• 8.2 Making Pancakes: Relationships between Ingredients
• 8.3 Making Molecules: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
• 8.4 Making Molecules: Mass-to-Mass Conversions
• 8.5 More Pancakes: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield
• 8.6 Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
• 8.7 Enthalpy: A Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed in a Reaction

9. Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table

• 9.1 Blimps, Balloons, and Models of the Atom
• 9.2 Light: Electromagnetic Radiation
• 9.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• 9.4 The Bohr Model: Atoms with Orbits
• 9.5 The Quantum-Mechanical Model: Atoms with Orbitals
• 9.6 Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
• 9.7 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
• 9.8 The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
• 9.9 Periodic Trends: Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character

10. Chemical Bonding

• 10.1 Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs
• 10.2 Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
• 10.3 Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds: Electrons Transferred
• 10.4 Covalent Lewis Structures: Electrons Shared
• 10.5 Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
• 10.6 Resonance: Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
• 10.7 Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
• 10.8 Electronegativity and Polarity: Why Oil and Water Don't Mix

11. Gases

• 11.1 Extra-Long Straws
• 11.2 Kinetic Molecular Theory: A Model for Gases
• 11.3 Pressure: The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
• 11.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure and Volume
• 11.5 Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature
• 11.6 The Combined Gas Law: Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
• 11.7 Avogadro's Law: Volume and Moles
• 11.8 The Ideal Gas Law: Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles
• 11.9 Mixtures of Gases
• 11.10 Gases in Chemical Reactions

12. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

• 12.1 Spherical Water
• 12.2 Properties of Liquids and Solids
• 12.3 Intermolecular Forces in Action: Surface Tension and Viscosity
• 12.4 Evaporation and Condensation
• 12.5 Melting, Freezing, and Sublimation
• 12.6 Types of Intermolecular Forces: Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole
• 12.7 Types of Crystalline Solids: Molecular, Ionic, and Atomic
• 12.8 Water: A Remarkable Molecule

13. Solutions

• 13.1 Tragedy in Cameroon
• 13.2 Solutions: Homogeneous Mixtures
• 13.3 Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water: How to Make Rock Candy
• 13.4 Solutions of Gases in Water: How Soda Pop Gets Its Fizz
• 13.5 Specifying Solution Concentration: Mass Percent
• 13.6 Specifying Solution Concentration: Molarity
• 13.7 Solution Dilution
• 13.8 Solution Stoichiometry
• 13.9 Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation: Making Water Freeze Colder and Boil Hotter
• 13.10 Osmosis: Why Drinking Saltwater Causes Dehydration

14. Acids and Bases

• 14.1 Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
• 14.2 Acids: Properties and Examples
• 14.3 Bases: Properties and Examples
• 14.4 Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
• 14.5 Reactions of Acids and Bases
• 14.6 Acid-Base Titration: A Way to Quantify the Amount of Acid or Base in a Solution
• 14.7 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
• 14.8 Water: Acid and Base in One
• 14.9 The pH and pOH Scales: Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
• 14.10 Buffers: Solutions That Resist pH Change

15. Chemical Equilibrium

• 15.1 Life: Controlled Disequilibrium
• 15.2 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
• 15.3 The Idea of Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium
• 15.4 The Equilibrium Constant: A Measure of How Far a Reaction Goes
• 15.5 Heterogeneous Equilibria: The Equilibrium Expression for Reactions Involving a Solid or a Liquid
• 15.6 Calculating and Using Equilibrium Constants
• 15.7 Disturbing a Reaction at Equilibrium: Le Châtelier's Principle
• 15.8 The Effect of a Concentration Change on Equilibrium
• 15.9 The Effect of a Volume Change on Equilibrium
• 15.10 The Effect of a Temperature Change on Equilibrium
• 15.11 The Solubility-Product Constant
• 15.12 The Path of a Reaction and the Effect of a Catalyst

16. Oxidation and Reduction

• 16.1 The End of the Internal Combustion Engine?
• 16.2 Oxidation and Reduction: Some Definitions
• 16.3 Oxidation States: Electron Bookkeeping
• 16.4 Balancing Redox Equations
• 16.5 The Activity Series: Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
• 16.6 Batteries: Using Chemistry to Generate Electricity
• 16.7 Electrolysis: Using Electricity to Do Chemistry
• 16.8 Corrosion: Undesirable Redox Reactions

17. Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

• 17.1 Diagnosing Appendicitis
• 17.2 The Discovery of Radioactivity
• 17.3 Types of Radioactivity: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay
• 17.4 Detecting Radioactivity
• 17.5 Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
• 17.6 Radiocarbon Dating: Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
• 17.7 The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
• 17.8 Nuclear Power: Using Fission to Generate Electricity
• 17.9 Nuclear Fusion: The Power of the Sun
• 17.10 The Effects of Radiation on Life
• 17.11 Radioactivity in Medicine