Table of Contents
Preface xi
Notational Conventions xii
1 Running Java: Compilation, Loading, and Execution 2
2 Names and Reserved Names 2
3 Java Naming Conventions 2
4 Comments and Program Layout 2
5 Types 4
5.1 Primitive Types 4
5.2 Reference Types 4
5.3 Array Types 4
5.4 Boxing: Wrapping Primitive Types as Reference Types 4
5.5 Subtypes and Compatibility 6
5.6 Signatures and Subsumption 6
5.7 Type Conversion 6
6 Variables, Parameters, Fields, and Scope 8
6.1 Values Bound to Variables, Parameters, or Fields 8
6.2 Variable Declarations 8
6.3 Scope of Variables, Parameters, and Fields 8
7 Strings 10
7.1 String Formatting 12
8 Arrays 16
8.1 Array Creation and Access 16
8.2 Array Initializers 16
8.3 Multidimensional Arrays 18
8.4 The Utility Class Arrays 18
9 Classes 22
9.1 Class Declarations and Class Bodies 22
9.2 Top-Level Classes, Nested Classes, Member Classes, and Local Classes 22
9.3 Class Modifiers 22
9.4 The Class Modifiers public, final, abstract 24
9.5 Subclasses, Superclasses, Class Hierarchy, Inheritance, and Overriding 24
9.6 Field Declarations in Classes 26
9.7 The Member Access Modifiers private, protected, public 26
9.8 Method Declarations 28
9.9 Parameter Arrays and Variable-Arity Methods 30
9.10 Constructor Declarations 30
9.11 Nested Classes, Member Classes, Local Classes, and Inner Classes 32
9.12 Anonymous Classes 32
9.13 Initializer Blocks, Field Initializers, and Initializers 32
10 Classes and Objects in the Computer 34
10.1 What Is a Class? 34
10.2 What Is an Object? 34
10.3 Inner Objects 34
11 Expressions 36
11.1 Table of Expression Forms 36
11.2 Arithmetic Operators 36
11.3 Logical Operators 38
11.4 Bitwise Operators and Shift Operators 38
11.5 Assignment Expressions 40
11.6 Conditional Expressions 40
11.7 Object Creation Expressions 40
11.8 Instance Test Expressions 40
11.9 Field Access Expressions 42
11.10 The Current Object Reference this 42
11.11 Type Cast Expression 42
11.12 Method Call Expressions 44
13.7 Lambda Expressions (Java 8.0) 45
11.7 Method Reference Expressions (Java 8.0) 48
12 Statements 52
12.1 Expression Statements 52
12.2 Block Statements 52
12.3 The Empty Statement 52
12.4 Choice Statements 54
12.5 Loop Statements 56
12.6 Returns, Labeled Statements, Exits, and Exceptions 60
12.7 The Try-with-Resources Statement 64
12.8 The assert Statement 64
13 Interfaces 66
13.1 Interface Declarations 66
13.2 Classes Implementing Interfaces 66
13.3 Default and Static Methods on Interfaces (Java 8.0) 68
13.4 Annotation Type Declarations 68
14 Enum Types 70
15 Exceptions, Checked and Unchecked 72
16 Compilation, Source Files, Class Names, and Class Files 74
17 Packages and Jar Files 74
18 Mathematical Functions 76
19 String Builders and String Buffers 78
20 Threads, Concurrent Execution, and Synchronization 80
20.1 Threads and Concurrent Execution 80
20.2 Locks and the synchronized Statement 82
20.3 Operations on Threads 84
20.4 Operations on Locked Objects 84
20.5 The Java Memory Model and Visibility Across Threads 86
21 Generic Types and Methods 88
21.1 Generics: Safety, Generality, and Efficiency 88
21.2 Generic Types, Type Parameters, and Type Instances 88
21.3 How Can Type Instances Be Used? 88
21.4 Generic Classes 90
21.5 Constraints on Type Parameters 92
21.6 How Can Type Parameters Be Used? 92
21.7 Generic Interfaces 94
21.8 Generic Methods 96
21.9 Wildcard Type Arguments 98
21.10 The Raw Type 100
21.11 The Implementation of Generic Types and Methods 100
22 Generic Collections and Maps 102
22.1 Interface Collection 10422.2 Interface List and Its Implementations LinkedList and ArrayList 10522.3 Interface Sct and Its Implementations HashSet and LinkedHashSet 10622.4 Interface SortedSet and Implementation TrecSet 10622.5 Interface Map and Implementation HashMap 10822.6 Interface SortedMap and Implementation TreeMap 11022.7 Going through a Collection: Interfaces Iterator and Iterable 11222.8 Interface ListIterator 11422.9 Equality, Hash Codes, and Comparison 114
22.10 The Comparator Interface 11622.11 The Utility Class Collections 118
22.12 Choosing the Right Collection Class or Map Class 120
23 Functional Interfaces (Java 8.0) 122
23.1 Functional Programming 122
23.2 Generic Functional Interlaces 124
23.3 Primitive-Type Specialized Functional Interfaces 124
23.4 Covariance and Contravariance in Functional Interfaces 126
23.5 Interface Function 12623.6 Interface Unary Operator 12623.7 Interfaces Predicate and BiPredicate 12823.8 Interfaces Consumer and BiConsinner 12823.9 Interface Supplier 12823.10 Interface BiFunction 13023.11 Interface BinaryOperator 13024 Streams for Bulk Data (Java 8.0) 132
24.1 Creating Streams 134
24.2 Stream Builders 134
24.3 Methods on Streams 136
24.4 Numeric Streams: DoubleStream, IntStream, and LongStream 140
24.5 Summary Statistics for Numeric Streams 140
24.6 Collectors on Streams 142
25 Class Oprional (Java 8.0) 14626 Input and Output 148
26.1 Creating an IO Stream from Another One 149
26.2 Kinds of Input and Output Methods 150
26.3 Imports, Exceptions, Thread Safety 150
26.4 Sequential Character Input: Readers 152
26.5 Sequential Character Output: Writers 153
26.6 Printing Primitive Data to a Character Stream: PrintWriter 154
26.7 The Appendable Interface and the CharSequence Interface 154
26.8 Reading Primitive Data from a Character Stream: Stream Tokenizer 156
26.9 Sequential Byte Input: InputStream 158
26.10 Sequential Byte Output: OutputStream 159
26.11 Binary Input-Output of Primitive Data: DataInput and DataOutput 160
26.12 Serialization of Objects: ObjectInput and ObjectOutput 162
26.13 Buffered Input and Output 164
26.14 Random Access Files: RandomAcccssFile 166
26.15 Files, Directories, and File Descriptors 168
26.16 Thread Communication: PipedlnputSireamandPipedOutputStream 168
26.17 Socket Communication 170
27 Reflection 172
27.1 Reflective Use of Types: The Class Class 17227.2 Reflection: The Field Class 174
27.3 Reflection; The Method Class and the Constructor Class 17427.4 Exceptions Thrown When Using Reflection 174
28 Metadata Annotations 176
29 What Is New in Java 8.0 178
References 180
Index 181
