| Preface | ix |
Part 1 | Introduction | |
1 | The Emergence of Children as Customers | 2 |
| A Historical Perspective | 4 |
| A Sociological Explanation | 6 |
| Children's Development as Consumers | 8 |
| The Role of the Marketer | 13 |
| Children as a Multidimensional Market | 14 |
| Summary: A Vote for Kid Kustomer | 17 |
| A Couple of Warnings | 18 |
| Later Chapters | 20 |
| References | 20 |
Part 2 | Children Are Three Markets | |
2 | Children as a Primary Market: Their Income, Spending, and Saving | 22 |
| Children's Income | 23 |
| Children's Savings | 29 |
| Children's Expenditures | 31 |
| Overprivileged Children | 32 |
| Marketing Implications of Kids with Money | 34 |
| Summary and Conclusions | 35 |
| References | 37 |
3 | Children as a Primary Market: Their Spending and Shopping | 38 |
| Products Purchased by Children | 39 |
| Children's Preferred Stores | 42 |
| Children's Independent Purchase-Visits | 44 |
| What Shopping and Spending Mean to Children | 46 |
| References | 61 |
4 | Children as a Market of Influencers | 62 |
| Reasons for Children's Influence | 64 |
| Extent of Children's Consumer Influence | 65 |
| Information Sources Underlying Children's Requests | 70 |
| Children's Requesting Styles and Appeals | 72 |
| Location of Children's Requests to Parents | 74 |
| Influence of Kids on Parents' Choice of Retail Outlets | 76 |
| Parental Response to Children's Requests | 77 |
| Marketers' Perceptions of Kids' Influence on Parental Purchases | 81 |
| Marketing to Children as Influencers | 84 |
| References | 87 |
5 | Kids as a Future Market: Reaching Them Through a Multidimensional Segmentation Strategy | 88 |
| Children as a Source of Future Customers | 91 |
| The Importance of Loyalty in Cultivating Kids as Future Customers | 92 |
| Building a Loyal Relationship with Children as Future Customers | 95 |
| Marketing to Kids Using a Multidimensional Segmentation Strategy | 101 |
| Managerial Suggestions | 102 |
| References | 104 |
Part 3 | Marketing to Kids as Customers | |
6 | Retailing to Children | 106 |
| Reasons for Retailers to Target Children as Consumers | 107 |
| Retailers' Responses to Kids as Customers | 111 |
| Some Retailers Target Children, Some Don't | 115 |
| Nonstore Retailing | 122 |
| Service Retailers | 124 |
| Conclusions and Recommendations | 126 |
| References | 129 |
7 | Advertising to Children | 130 |
| Advertising as Part of the Marketing Communications Mix | 131 |
| Changes in Advertising Media Targeted to Children | 136 |
| Effects of Advertising to Children | 144 |
| Encoding/Decoding Problems in Advertising to Children | 147 |
| Observations and Recommendations | 153 |
| References | 157 |
8 | Targeting Promotion and Publicity to Children | 158 |
| Targeting Promotion to the Children's Market | 160 |
| Children-Targeted Public Relations | 168 |
| Kids Clubs: A New Channel of Communications | 173 |
| Summary and Suggestions | 177 |
| References | 179 |
9 | Planning and Developing New Products for Children | 180 |
| Strategies for New Products for Kids | 182 |
| Remember, the Package Is for Kids, Too | 193 |
| Needed: New, New Product Strategies That Really Target Kids | 197 |
| References | 201 |
10 | Marketing Research Among Children: Purposes, Procedures, Problems | 202 |
| Purposes of Researching Young Consumers | 204 |
| Techniques and Procedures for Researching Children | 209 |
| Problems in Researching Kids as Customers | 220 |
| Using Parents as Surrogates for Children in Marketing Research | 223 |
| References | 225 |
Part 4 | Kids as Customers Tomorrow | |
11 | Children as Global Consumers | 228 |
| Reasons to Consider Children as Worldwide Consumers | 230 |
| Reasons to Study Children as Global Consumers | 234 |
| Children's Consumer Behavior in Other Parts of the World: The Case of the Pacific Rim | 235 |
| Multinational Marketing Strategy to Kids: Standardize or Localize? | 248 |
| References | 250 |
| Name Index | 251 |
| Subject Index | 254 |