Kubernetes Management Design Patterns: With Docker, CoreOS Linux, and Other Platforms

by Deepak Vohra

Overview

Take container cluster management to the next level; learn how to administer and configure Kubernetes on CoreOS; and apply suitable management design patterns such as Configmaps, Autoscaling, elastic resource usage, and high availability. Some of the other features discussed are logging, scheduling, rolling updates, volumes, service types, and multiple cloud provider zones.

The atomic unit of modular container service in Kubernetes is a Pod, which is a group of containers with a common filesystem and networking. The Kubernetes Pod abstraction enables design patterns for containerized applications similar to object-oriented design patterns. Containers provide some of the same benefits as software objects such as modularity or packaging, abstraction, and reuse.


CoreOS Linux is used in the majority of the chapters and other platforms discussed are CentOS with OpenShift, Debian 8 (jessie) on AWS, and Debian 7 for Google Container Engine.


CoreOS is the main focus becayse Docker is pre-installed on CoreOS out-of-the-box. CoreOS: 

• Supports most cloud providers (including Amazon AWS EC2 and Google Cloud Platform) and virtualization platforms (such as VMWare and VirtualBox)

• Provides Cloud-Config for declaratively configuring for OS items such as network configuration (flannel), storage (etcd), and user accounts

• Provides a production-level infrastructure for containerized applications including automation, security, and scalability

• Leads the drive for container industry standards and founded appc

• Provides the most advanced container registry, Quay



Docker was made available as open source in March 2013 and has become the most commonly used containerization platform. Kubernetes was open-sourced in June 2014 and has become the most widely used container cluster manager. The first stable version of CoreOS Linux was made available in July 2014 and since has become one of the most commonly used operating system for containers.



What You'll Learn



• Use Kubernetes with Docker

• Create a Kubernetes cluster on CoreOS on AWS

• Apply cluster management design patterns

• Use multiple cloud provider zones

• Work with Kubernetes and tools like Ansible

• Discover the Kubernetes-based PaaS platform OpenShift

• Create a high availability website

• Build a high availability Kubernetes master cluster

• Use volumes, configmaps, services, autoscaling, and rolling updates

• Manage compute resources

• Configure logging and scheduling






Who This Book Is For


Linux admins, CoreOS admins, application developers, and container as a service (CAAS) developers. Some pre-requisite knowledge of Linux and Docker is required. Introductory knowledge of Kubernetes is required such as creating a cluster, creating a Pod, creating a service, and creating and scaling a replication controller. For introductory Docker and Kubernetes information, refer to Pro Docker (Apress) and Kubernetes Microservices with Docker (Apress). Some pre-requisite knowledge about using Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, CloudFormation, and VPC is also required.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781484225974
Publisher:	Apress
Publication date:	01/29/2017
Edition description:	1st ed.
Pages:	399
Product dimensions:	7.01(w) x 10.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

Deepak Vohra is an Oracle Certified Associate and a Sun Certified Java Programmer. Deepak has published in Oracle Magazine, OTN, IBM developerWorks, ONJava, DevSource, WebLogic Developer’s Journal, XML Journal, Java Developer’s Journal, FTPOnline, and devx.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Section I Platforms
1 Kubernetes On AWS
1.1 Installing a Kubernetes Cluster on AWS
1.2 Creating a Deployment
1.3 Creating a Service
1.4 Accessing the Service
<1.5 Scaling the Deployment
1.6 Summary
2 Kubernetes on CoreOS
2.1 Setting the Environment
2.2 Configuring AWS Credentials
2.3 Installing Kube-aws
2.4 Setting Up Cluster Parameters
  2.3.1 Creating a KMS Key
  2.3.2 Setting Up an External DNS Name
2.5 Creating the Cluster CloudFormation
  2.4.1 Creating an Asset Directory
  2.4.2 Initializing the Cluster CloudFormation
  2.4.3 Rendering Contents of the Asset Directory
  2.4.4 Customizing the Cluster
  2.4.5 Validating the CloudFormation Stack
  2.4.6 Launching the Cluster CloudFormation
2.6 Configuring DNS
2.7 Accessing the Cluster
2.8 Testing the Cluster
2.9 Summary
3 Kubernetes on Google Cloud Platform
3.1 Setting the Environment
3.2 Creating a Project on Google Cloud Platform
3.3 Enabling Permissions
3.4 Enabling the Compute Engine API
3.5 Creating a VM Instance
3.6 Connecting to the VM Instance
3.7 Reserving a Static Address
3.8 Creating a Kubernetes Cluster
3.9 Creating a Kubernetes Application and Service
3.10 Stopping the Cluster
      3.11 Summary

Section 2 Administration and Configuration
4 Using Multiple Zones
4.1 Setting the Environment
4.2 Initializing a CloudFormation
4.3 Configuring Cluster.yaml for Multiple Zones
4.4 Launching the CloudFormation
4.5 Configuring External DNS
4.6 Running a Kubernetes Application
4.7 Using Multiple Zones on AWS
4.8 Summary
5 Using the Tectonic Console
5.1 Setting the Environment
5.2 Downloading the Pull Secret and the Tectonic Console manifest
5.3 Installing the Pull Secret and the Tectonic Console
5.4 Accessing the Tectonic Console
5.5 Using the Tectonic Console
5.6 Removing the Tectonic Console
5.7 Summary
6 Using Volumes
6.1 Setting the Environment
6.2 Creating a AWS Volume
6.3 Using a awsElasticBlockStore Volume
6.4 Creating a Git Repo
6.5 Using a gitRepo Volume
      6.6 Summary
7 Using Services
7.1 Setting the Environment
7.2 Creating a ClusterIP Service
7.3 Creating a NodePort Service
7.4 Creating a LoadBalancer Service
7.5 Summary

8 Using Rolling Updates
     8.1 Setting the Environment
8.2 Rolling Update with a RC Definition File
8.3 Rolling Update by Updating the Container Image
8.4 Rolling Back an Update
8.5 Use only one of file or image
8.6 Rolling Update on Deployment with Deployment file

9 Scheduling Pods
  9.1 Scheduling Policy
  9.2 Setting the Environment
  9.3 Using the Default Scheduler
  9.4 Scheduling Pods without a Node Selector
  9.5 Setting Node Labels
  9.6 Scheduling Pods with Node Selector
   9.7 Setting Node Affinity
9.6.1 Setting required During Scheduling Ignored During Execution
9.6.2 Setting preferred During Scheduling Ignored During Execution

10 Configuring Compute Resources
  10.1 Types of Compute Resources
   10.2 Resource Requests and Limits
   10.3 Quality of Service
   10.4 Setting the Environment
   10.5 Finding Node Capacity
   10.6 Creating a Pod with Resources Specified
   10.7 Overcommitting Resource Limits
   10.8 Reserving Node Resources

11 Using Configmaps
  11.1 Kubectl create configmap Command
   11.2 Setting the Environment
   11.3 Creating ConfigMaps from Directories
   11.4 Creating ConfigMaps from Files
   11.5 Creating configmap from literal values
   11.6 Consuming a ConfigMap in a Volume

12 Setting Resource Quotas
   12.1 Setting the Environment
    12.2 Defining Compute Resource Quotas
    12.3 Exceeding Compute Resource Quotas
    12.4 Defining Object Quotas
    12.5 Exceeding Object Resource Quotas
    12.6 Defining Best Effort Quotas
    12.7 Using Quotas
    12.8 Exceeding Object Quotas
    12.9 Exceeding ConfigMaps Quota

13 Using Autoscaling
   13.1 Setting the Environment
    13.2 Running PHP Apache Server Deployment
    13.3 Creating a Service
    13.4 Creating a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
    13.5 Increasing Load

14 Configuring Logging
   14.1 Setting the Environment
   14.2 Getting the Logs generated by Default Logger
   14.3 Docker Log Files
   14.4 Cluster Level Logging with Elasticsearch and Kibana
14.4.1 Starting Elastic Search
14.4.2 Starting a Replication Controller
14.4.3 Starting Fluentd Elasticsearch to Collect Logs
14.4.4 Starting Kibana

Section 3 High Availability
15 Using a HA Master with OpenShift
15.1 Setting the Environment
15.2 Installing the Credentials
15.3 Installing the Network Manager
15.4 Installing OpenShift Ansible
14.5 Configuring the Ansible
15.6 Running Ansible Playbook
15.7 Testing the Cluster
15.8 Testing the HA
      15.9 Summary
16 Developing a Highly Available Web Site
16.1 Setting the Environment
16.2 Creating Multiple CloudFormations
16.3 Configuring External DNS
16.4 Creating a Kubernetes Service
16.5 Creating a AWS Route 53
  16.4.1 Creating a Hosted Zone
  16.4.2 Configuring Name Servers
  16.4.3 Creating Record Sets
16.6 Testing HA
      16.7 Summary

Editorial Reviews

The book does provide a practical guide to installing Kubernetes using Amazon Web Services (AWS) and the Google Cloud Platform to perform essential tasks, all clearly illustrated with many screen shots. … this book could be useful for those readers who appreciate a detailed and practical guide for installing and configuring Kubernetes’ many features.” (Computing Reviews, November, 2017)

From the Publisher