Table of Contents
PART ONE Microscopic Techniques1. Bright-Field Light Microscope (Dark Image, Brighter Background) and Microscopic Measurement of Organisms2. The Hanging Drop Slide and Bacterial Motility3. Dark-Field Light Microscope: Bright Image, Dark Background
4. Phase-Contrast Light Microscope5. Fluorescence MicroscopePART TWO Bacterial Morphology and Staining6. Negative Staining7. Smear Preparation and Simple Staining8. Gram Stain9. Acid-Fast Staining (Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun) Procedures10. Endospore Staining (Schaeffer-Fulton or Wirtz-Conklin)11. Capsule Staining12. Flagella Staining: West and Difco’s SpotTest MethodsPART THREE Basic Laboratory and Culture Techniques13. Sterilization and Microbiological Culture Media Preparation14. Culture Transfer Instruments, Techniques, and Isolation and Maintenance of Pure Cultures15. Spread-Plate Technique16. The Streak-Plate Technique: Selective and Differential Media 17. Pour-Plate Technique18. Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria19. Determination of Bacterial NumbersPART FOUR Biochemical Activities of Bacteria20. Carbohydrates I: Fermentation and β-Galactosidase Activity 21. Carbohydrates II: Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test22. Carbohydrates III: Starch Hydrolysis23. Lipids: Lipid Hydrolysis24. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes I: Hydrogen Sulfide Production and Motility25. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes II: The IMViC Tests 26. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes III: Casein Hydrolysis27. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes IV: Gelatin Hydrolysis28. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes V: Catalase Activity29. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VI: Coagulase and DNase Activity30. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VII: Oxidase Test and Bioluminescence 31. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VIII: Urease Activity32. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes IX: Lysine and Ornithine Decarboxylase Tests 33. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes X: Phenylalanine Deamination 34. Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes XI: Nitrate ReductionPART FIVE Rapid Multitest Systems35. The API® 20E System36. The EnteroPluri-Test SystemPART SIX Unknown Identification37. Using the First Edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to Identify Bacteria38. General Unknown PART SEVEN Environmental Factors Affecting Growth of Microorganisms39. Temperature40. pH41. Osmotic Pressure42. The Effects of Chemical Agents on Bacteria I: Disinfectants and Other Antimicrobial Products43. The Effects of Chemical Agents on Bacteria II: Antimicrobial Agents (Kirby-Bauer Method) and the Etest®44. Hand Washing, Environmental Sampling, and Microbiological Monitoring 45. Determination of a Bacterial Growth Curve: Classical and Two-Hour Methods PART EIGHT Environmental and Food Microbiology46. Standard Coliform Most Probable Number (MPN) Test and Colilert®-18 Coliform Test 47. Membrane Filter Technique for Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci; KONFIRMTM Test for Fecal Coliforms48. Isolation of Escherichia coli Bacteriophages from Sewage and Determining Bacteriophage Titers49. Enumeration of Soil Microorganisms50. Bacterial Count of a Food Product 51. Examination of Milk for BacteriaPART NINE Medical Microbiology52. Hemagglutination Reactions: Blood Groups 53. Isolation of Normal Microbiota from the Human Body54. Staphylococci 55. Pneumococci56. Streptococci 57. Neisseriae 58. Aerobic and Anaerobic Endospore-Forming BacteriaPART TEN Survey of Selected Eucaryotic Microorganisms59. Fungi (Ascomycota; also Ascomycetes) I: Yeasts 60. Fungi (Eumycota) II: Zygomycota (Rhizopus), Ascomycota (Penicillium), and Basidiomycota(Agaricus)PART ELEVEN Microbial Genetics and Genomics61. Bacterial Mutation 62. Bacterial Transformation 63. Bacterial Conjugation: The Transfer of Antibiotic-Resistant Plasmids 64. Isolation of Genomic DNA from Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 65. Isolation and Purifi cation of Genomic DNA from Escherichia coliPART TWELVE Scientific Inquiry66. Independent Group Projects 67. Case Studies Appendix A Dilutions with Sample Problems Appendix B Transmission-Absorbance Table for SpectrophotometryAppendix C Logarithms; pH and pH IndicatorsAppendix D Scientifi c NotationAppendix E Identifi cation ChartsAppendix F Reagents, Solutions, Stains, and TestsAppendix G Culture Media Appendix H Sources and Maintenance of Microbiological Stock Cultures Appendix I Laboratory Skills and Laboratory Thinking Skills Appendix J Orientation to the Laboratory: Rules of Conduct and General SafetyAppendix K Summary of Universal Precautions and Laboratory Safety Procedures Appendix L Biosafety Level (BSL) Index
