Lockhart and Wiseman's Crop Husbandry Including Grassland / Edition 9

by Steve Finch, Alison Samuel, Gerry P. Lane

Overview

Increased yields, markets, and profitability have led to changes in crop husbandry. Since its first publication in 1966, revised editions of Lockhart & Wiseman's Crop Husbandry Including Grassland have upheld and increased the book's good reputation. This ninth edition maintains its status as the standard textbook for many agricultural courses.

Part one covers the principles of crop production with chapters concerning plants, climate, soil management, fertilizers, manures, weeds, and diseases threatening farm crops. Part two surveys crop husbandry techniques. Environmental impact has been addressed in greater detail in this edition. This section looks at issues such as sustainable crop management, precision farming, and organic crop husbandry. The way these general techniques apply to individual crops is explained in part three. This part considers a range of cereals, combinable break crops, root crops, industrial crops, and fresh produce crops. Part four looks at the use of grassland and forage crops, with chapters considering arable forage crops, the characteristics of grassland, and the corresponding methods for establishing and improving grassland. This part also includes information regarding equine grassland management and conservation of grass and forage crops.

This ninth edition of Lockhart and Wiseman's Crop Husbandry Including Grassland is relevant for students throughout the United Kingdom and Europe. It is a useful reference book for agriculture National Diploma courses, Foundation Degrees, and BSc degrees, and is important for Masters level students entering agriculture from another discipline.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781782423713
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	07/15/2014
Series:	Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition
Edition description:	9th Revised ed.
Pages:	608
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.21(h) x (d)

About the Author

Steve Finch, is Principal Lecturer in Crop Production at the Royal Agricultural University, UK

Alison worked as an agronomist in South West England for many years before starting to teach crop production. She was a senior lecturer at several colleges and universities including the Royal Agricultural University and Plymouth University (Seale-Hayne campus) lecturing to diploma, degree and masters course students as well as on professional courses. Specialist crop husbandry subjects included soil science, crop production and protection as well as organic and sustainable farming systems. She was a contributing author to the 9th edition and now leads this 10th edition.

Gerry P. Lane was formerly a Principal Lecturer at the Royal Agricultural University, UK.

Table of Contents

Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition xv

Foreword xxv

Acknowledgements xxvii

Introduction xxix

Part I Principles of crop production 1

1 Plants 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Plant physiology 3

1.3 Plant groups 9

1.4 Structure of the seed 9

1.5 Plant structure 13

1.6 Plant requirements 20

1.7 Legumes and nitrogen fixation 23

1.8 The control of plant growth and development 24

1.9 Sources of further information and advice 26

2 Climate and weather 27

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Solar radiation and rainfall 29

2.3 Air and soil temperature 30

2.4 Other aspects of climate and weather 31

2.5 Climate change 32

2.6 Sources of further information and advice 35

3 Soils and soil management 37

3.1 Introduction 37

3.2 Soil formation 38

3.3 The physical make-up of soil and its effect on plant growth 41

3.4 Farm soils 49

3.5 Soil fertility and productivity 57

3.6 Sources of further information and advice 61

4 Fertilisers and manures 63

4.1 Nutrients required by crops 63

4.2 Trace elements 69

4.3 Units of plant food 70

4.4 Straight fertilisers 72

4.5 Compound fertilisers 77

4.6 Application of fertilisers 81

4.7 Organic manures 82

4.8 Residual values of fertilisers and manures 89

4.9 Fertilisers and the environment 89

4.10 Sources of further information and advice 91

5 Weeds of farm crops 92

5.1 The impact of weeds 92

5.2 Weed types and identification 97

5.3 Control of weeds: general 110

5.4 Herbicide resistance 115

5.5 Spraying with herbicides: precautions 116

5.6 Sources of further information and advice 117

6 Diseases of farm crops 119

6.1 Introduction to plant disorders 119

6.2 Symptoms 120

6.3 Some important types of plant pathogens 122

6.4 Other disorders 125

6.5 The control of plant diseases 126

6.6 Fungicide resistance 130

6.7 Sources of further information and advice 157

7 Pests of farm crops 158

7.1 Introduction 158

7.2 Insect pests 159

7.3 Other pests of crops 164

7.4 Types of pest damage 165

7.5 Methods of pest control 167

7.6 Classification of pesticides 170

7.7 Resistance 172

7.8 Integrated pest management 172

7.9 Sources of further information and advice 189

Part II Crop husbandry techniques 191

8 Cropping techniques 193

8.1 Introduction 193

8.2 Drainage 193

8.3 Irrigation 200

8.4 Warping 205

8.5 Claying 205

8.6 Tillage and cultivations 206

8.7 Control of weeds by cultivation 212

8.8 Crop management: key issues 214

8.9 Break crops and crop rotations 215

8.10 Sources of further information and advice 217

9 Sustainable crop management 218

9.1 Introduction 218

9.2 The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 219

9.3 Sustainable agriculture 220

9.4 The development of Integrated Crop Management (ICM), Integrated Farm Management (IFM) and sustainable crop production 221

9.5 Food quality and safety in the food chain: farm assurance schemes 227

9.6 Wildlife and conservation 228

9.7 Key points 233

9.8 Sources of further information and advice 233

10 Precision farming 235

10.1 Introduction 235

10.2 Data collection 239

10.3 Data interpretation 240

10.4 Auto-steering and controlled traffic farming 241

10.5 The technology 242

10.6 Sources of further information and advice 244

11 Organic crop husbandry 245

11.1 Introduction 245

11.1 Achieving organic slams 247

11.3 Rotations 248

11.4 Soil and plant nutrition 250

11.5 Weed control 252

11.6 Disease control 258

11.7 Pest control 258

11.8 Husbandry examples 259

11.9 Other systems 261

11.10 Organic farming and the environment 261

11.11 Sources of further information and advice 262

12 Plant breeding and seed production 263

12.1 Introduction 263

12.2 Plant breeding methods 264

12.3 Target traits in breeding 268

12.4 Choosing the right variety 270

12.5 Seed quality 270

12.6 Seed production 275

12.7 Sources of further information and advice 283

Part III The management of individual crops 285

13 Cereals 287

13.1 Introduction 287

13.2 Cereal identification 288

13.3 Grain quality in cereals 291

13.4 Cereal growth, yield and inputs 293

13.5 Harvesting 309

13.6 Grain-drying methods 310

13.7 Moist grain storage 312

13.8 Cereal straw 313

13.9 Wheat 314

13.10 Durum wheat 323

1311 Barley 324

13.12 Oats 329

13.13 Rye 331

13.14 Triticale 333

13.15 Maize for grain 335

13.16 Sources of further information and advice 335

14 Combinable break crops 337

14.1 Introduction 337

14.2 Oilseed rape 338

14.3 Linseed and flax 346

14.4 Sunflowers 349

14.5 Soya beans 350

14.6 Evening primrose 350

14.7 Borage 350

14.8 Combinable pulses 350

14.9 Sources of further information and advice 360

15 Root crops 362

15.1 Introduction 362

15.2 Potatoes 362

15.3 Sugar beet 373

15.4 Future trends 385

15.5 Sources of further information and advice 386

16 Industrial crops 387

16.1 Introduction 387

16.2 Specific crops: Miscanthus 389

16.3 Short Rotation Coppice 391

16.4 Wetland crops 392

16.5 Crops for anaerobic digestion (AD) 392

16.6 Woodland biomass 393

16.7 Liquid biofuel crops 393

16.8 Lubricant oil crops 393

16.9 Fibre crops 304

16.10 Pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, essential oils and cosmetics 394

16.11 Carbohydrate crops 395

16.12 Sources of further information and advice 395

17 Fresh produce crops 396

17.1 Growing fresh produce crops 396

17.2 Fresh peas 399

17.3 Broad beans 401

17.4 Green beans 402

17.5 Lettuce 404

17.6 Baby leaves and herbs 407

17.7 Cabbages 409

17.8 Broccoli 412

17.9 Cauliflowers 414

17.10 Brussels sprouts 416

17.11 Bulb onions 418

17.12 Leeks 420

17.13 Carrots 422

17.14 Edible swede and turnips 425

17.15 Strawberries 426

17.16 Sources of further information and advice 429

Part IV Grassland and forage crops 431

18 Arable forage crops 433

18.1 Crops grown for their yield of roots 433

18.2 Crops grown for grazing 440

18.3 Crops grown for ensiling 445

18.4 Sources of further information and advice 452

19 Introduction to grass production/characteristics of grassland and the important species 454

19.1 Types of grassland 454

19.2 The nutritive value of grassland herbage 457

19.3 Identification of grasses 458

19.4 Identification of legumes 463

19.5 Grasses of economic importance 465

19.6 Forage legumes of economic importance 470

19.7 Herbs 475

19.8 Grass and legume seed mixtures 478

19.9 Sources of further information and advice 482

20 Establishing and improving grassland 483

20.1 Establishing leys 483

20.2 Grassland improvement and renovation 488

20.3 Improving a sward by changing the management 489

20.4 Improving a sward by renovation 490

20.5 Fertilisers for grassland 490

20.6 Irrigation of grassland 498

20.7 Sources of further information and advice 498

21 Grazing management 499

21.1 Introduction 499

21.2 Stocking rate or density 500

21.3 Principles of grazing management 500

21.4 Grazing systems 505

21.5 Strategies to minimise parasitism at grass 509

21.6 The energy yield from grass and forage the Utilised Metabolisable Energy (UME) calculation 509

21.7 Sources of further information and advice 511

22 Conservation of grass and forage crops 513

22.1 Introduction 513

22.2 Crops for silage making 515

22.3 The silage-making process 517

22.4 Factors affecting silage fermentation 518

22.5 Hay 523

22.6 Green-crop drying 525

22.7 Sources of further information and advice 525

Appendices 527

Appendix 1 Soil texture assessment in the field 529

Appendix 2 Nomenclature of crops 532

Appendix 3 Nomenclature of weeds 534

Appendix 4 Nomenclature of diseases 539

Appendix 5 Nomenclature of pests 542

Appendix 6 Crop seeds 545

Appendix 7 Agricultural land classification (ALC) in England and Wales 547

Index 551

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

The standard text on general agriculture, now updated with contemporary information on as sustainable crop management, precision farming, organic crop husbandry, and more