Marie Curie: Young Scientist

by Beatrice Gormley

Overview

Marie Curie was a world-renowned scientist who made many important discoveries, as well as a great teacher and a mother, but her accomplishments didn't come easily.

Born Maria Sklodovska in 1867, Marie grew up in Russia-occupied Poland where schools were not allowed to teach Polish history or language, and lab experiments were forbidden in science classes. When Marie was young, her mother and eldest sister both passed away. Marie was determined not to let hardships get in the way of her dreams. She went on to win two Nobel Prizes, one each in physics and chemistry, making her the first woman to win the award and first person ever honored with two of them.

Read all about the clever young girl whose hard work lead to brilliant contributions in the field of science.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781416915454
Publisher:	Aladdin
Publication date:	05/22/2007
Series:	Childhood of World Figures
Edition description:	Original
Pages:	240
Product dimensions:	5.00(w) x 7.80(h) x 0.70(d)
Age Range:	8 - 12 Years

About the Author

Beatrice Gormley has written a number of books for young readers, including several titles in the History’s All-Stars series, as well as biographies of Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Laura Bush, and John McCain. She lives in Westport, Massachusetts.

Read an Excerpt

Marie Curie

Young Scientist

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By Beatrice Gormley

Aladdin

Copyright © 2007 Beatrice Gormley
All right reserved.
ISBN: 9781416915454

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CHAPTER ONE

THE GOLD-LEAF ELECTROSCOPE

In the summer of 1872 in the city of Warsaw, Poland, four of the Sklodovski

children were playing "Geography" with their father. They lived on

Novolipki Street, on the ground floor of the boys' high school where Mr.

Sklodovski was assistant director of the school.

The four beds in the children's room were pushed into the corners, leaving

space on the floor for the continent of Europe. Jozef, Bronislava, Helena,

and Maria were busy outlining the countries with colored wooden blocks.

Their father, Vladislav, moved back and forth among them to oversee the

work and give suggestions. He was a short man of about forty, plump but

quick-moving. He had a brown beard and he was dressed neatly in a dark

suit. Mr. Sklodovski and his children had already marked out the country

in the middle, Poland, with bright red blocks. Red was the color of blood,

of life, of courage -- and, of course, the red-and-white Polish flag.

"Bring me more black, Manya," commanded Jozef. Jozio, as Jozef was called,

was the only boy in the family and the second oldest. Manya was the

nickname of Maria, the youngest. She hurried "east" with all the black

blocks that would fit in her apron.

"Blackfor Russia, to match their hearts," chanted Bronislava. She was the

third oldest, nicknamed Bronia.

Their father was just as caught up in the game as the children were. But

at Bronia's remark, he said, "Stop, all of you." His serious tone of voice

made them turn immediately toward his broad, kind face.

"Bronia," Mr. Sklodovski went on, "you must be careful what you say." He

looked around the room, holding each child's eyes for a moment. "We must

all be careful what we say."

"Yes, Papa," said Bronia. The children glanced toward the wall that

separated their apartment from Director Ivanov's. The school's Russian

director lived just next door.

"Yes, Papa -- but it's Saturday, a safe day," protested Jozio. "Director

Ivanov is away from the school, and all the students are home for the

weekend. There's no one here but us."

"Still," Vladislav Sklodovski told his children, "we can't afford to get

into the habit of making such remarks. The next thing you know, when

you're walking along the street with a friend, a careless joke will slip

out -- and a Russian policeman will be listening. He'll grab you" -- he

seized Jozio's arm -- "and question you: 'Who is your father?' The

Russians will think you learn such disrespect from me. I'll be fired from

my job. We'll have no place to live. Perhaps they'll send me to prison."

"I'm sorry, Papa," said Bronia with tears in her eyes.

"I'm sorry, Papa," echoed Helena, nicknamed Hela.

"Yes, I see, Papa," said Jozio. "I'm sorry."

"I'm sorry too," said four-year-old Manya loyally.

The other children laughed. Their father smiled and patted her curly

head. But he said, "Even Manya is not too young to learn to be careful."

The serious mood passed, and they went back to the game. "Green blocks,

Manya," called Bronia. She was working on the outline of Austria, to the

southwest of Poland. Green as the grass in the country, where the

Sklodovskis stayed with their relatives in the summer.

"And yellow here, Manya," ordered Hela. Hela, the second youngest,

couldn't outline Prussia, northwest of Poland, without Bronia's help.

But she still had the right to tell Manya, the youngest, what to do.

"Blue blocks, Manya," said Jozio. He'd quickly finished Russia. Now their

father was showing him where to lay out the Vistula River, which ran

through the city of Warsaw. Blue blocks also outlined the Baltic Sea, on

the northern edge of Poland.

As the sisters and brother worked on their map, music sounded from

another room. Their mother, Bronislava Sklodovska, was playing Chopin on

the piano. They heard forceful chords, followed by a prancing bit and a

sweeping run. Then the rapid line of notes broke off. The children were

used to this, and they didn't stop their play to listen to their mother's

fit of dry coughing. But Manya, watching her father's face, saw it tighten.

"Manya," announced Zofia's voice from the doorway, "it's time to get ready

for bed." Zofia, or "Zosia," at age ten was the oldest of the Sklodovski

children. She looked at the arrangement of colored blocks. "That's quite

a good map!" she exclaimed. "Only, Jozio, the Vistula River winds toward

the west a bit more, right there." She tapped a blue block with the toe of

one high-buttoned shoe. "But never mind -- you have to put the blocks away

in a few minutes so that Manya can go to sleep."

Manya hated to stop playing, but she let Zosia take her to the wardrobe to

undress her. Manya thought of Zosia as the most beautiful young lady she's

ever seen. Golden hair streamed down her back, and she had a quick,

graceful walk.

When Manya had her nightgown on, Zosia led her to say good night to their

mother. Bronislava Sklodovska was also beautiful, but she moved slowly.

She never hugged and kissed Manya the way Zosia did. Mama, thought Manya,

was like a delicate china figurine. She could be looked at, but not

played with. Mama even ate off special plates, which had to be washed

separately from the rest of the family's dishes.

Zosia set Manya down on a footstool beside the piano bench. Smiling at her

youngest child, Bronislava smoothed her curly, ash-blond hair. "Sing with

me, Manya." She began a lullaby. "Oi lu lu lu lu lu..."

Manya joined in, adding her piping little voice to her mother's

violinlike tones. She knew all the verses to this lullaby. The last verse

ended, "I have you, my darling -- you're what I've prayed for."

Early one morning a few days later, a droshky, a horse and buggy for

hire, pulled up in front of the boys' high school on Novolipki Street.

Bronislava Sklodovska was going to leave her family in Warsaw for a while,

to live in a sanatorium. A sanatorium, Zosia told Manya, was a special

place where tuberculosis patients could rest and get well.

"This sanatorium is in the mountains, in Austria," Zosia explained. The

children had been playing "Geography" again, and she pointed to a spot

on the floor just across the line of green blocks. "When Mama comes back,

she'll be all well."

Manya put her arms around her oldest sister's legs. "I wish you

weren't going, Zosia."

Zosia stooped to hug Manya hard. But then she set her mouth in a firm line,

as if she wouldn't allow herself to be sad about leaving. "Mama needs me to

keep her company and look after her. You and Jozio, Bronia, Hela, and Papa

will have each other."

When it was time for Mrs. Sklodovska and Zosia to leave for the train,

Aunt Lucia, Bronislava's sister, came to join them in saying good-bye. Mr.

Sklodovski climbed into the droshky to see them off at the railway

station. Mama and Zosia waved their handkerchiefs as the horses pulled

the carriage into traffic. Manya and the other children waved back,

watching as the droshky rattled off, disappearing among the swarm

of carts, carriages, and buggies on Novolipki Street.

"Come," said Aunt Lucia, "we must pray for your dear mama to get well."

She took the children to the nearby Church of the Virgin. Manya knelt

obediently in the pew beside her aunt and repeated the words of the

prayer.

When they returned home, Manya wandered into the study. She gazed at the

malachite clock, made from a block of green stone, on the desk, and at the

oak-framed barometer on the wall. She came to a halt in front of a glass

cabinet. The cabinet shelves held polished brass scales like a tiny

seesaw and a glass jar with a brass top and bottom. Inside the jar, two

gold-foil leaves hung down from the top. Jozio had told Manya what this

thing was called: an electroscope. Manya longed to handle it.

Vladislav Sklodovski, who had just returned from the train station,

stepped into the study. He sat down in the red velvet armchair next to the

cabinet. "So, Manya," he said, leaning forward, "do you like my physics

apparatus?"

Manya nodded. "Phys-ics ap-par-a-tus," she repeated. Judging by the look

on her father's face, these were important things. "Do they need to stay

in the cabinet?"

"Yes, they do," her father answered.

These bright, fascinating objects were not for play. At least, not for

child's play.

"These days, teachers are not allowed to give practical demonstrations of

physics in the classroom," Mr. Sklodovski added. "Someday it may be

allowed again, and then I'll need my apparatus."

"Will you teach me, Papa?" asked Manya.

Her father seemed to like this idea, because the worried lines around his

eyes and mouth softened. He answered her seriously, "When you're ready."

Mrs. Sklodovska and Zosia returned from the sanatorium to Warsaw at the

end of the summer. Manya was overjoyed to have them home. But no one said

to her, "You see? Mama is all well!" In fact, Bronislava Sklodovska was

still thin and pale. She still coughed, and her dishes still had to be

washed separately. She smiled at Manya like an angel, but she still didn't

kiss her, or any of the children.

Manya thought of her mama as the lovely, perfect queen of the family,

but Zosia was the one who led the children and thought up ways to have

fun. She made up the best stories and acted out all the parts. If the

children quarreled, Zosia would settle the quarrel and start them playing

a game instead.

In the long autumn evenings the older Sklodovski children gathered around

their father's big mahogany desk in the study to do their homework. Their

mother sat nearby with her own work: She made shoes and boots for all the

children. Her elegant, long-fingered hands cut the leather, stitched the

pieces with waxed thread, and hammered the heels onto the soles. "Even

though I have to stay inside," she said, "there's no reason for me to sit

idle."

The days got shorter and shorter and colder and colder. Then it was

Christmas Eve. Through the lace curtains Manya watched the daylight

fading and the gas streetlamps beginning to glow on Novolipki Street.

"Come on," called Zosia, "it's time to look for the first star!" Jozio,

Bronya, Hela, and Manya bundled up against the biting cold and followed

Zosia out into the garden.

"There!" Jozio pointed to a shining dot above the rooftops of Warsaw.

First star meant it was time for Wigilia, the feast of Christmas Eve

dinner. "First star, Mama! First star, Papa!" they shouted as they

trooped back inside.

The family gathered around the table spread with the best white

tablecloth. Platters of potatoes, fish, and filled dumplings called

pierogi crowded the tabletop. Before they sat down to the feast,

the Sklodovskis broke the bread of love. This was a special wafer,

blessed by the Catholic priest and stamped with pictures of the baby

Jesus, Mary, and the angels.

From her end of the table Bronislava Sklodovska beamed at the children.

Her gaze lingered on Manya, her youngest. "Vladislav," she said to her

husband at the head of the table, "we have so much to be thankful for."

"Yes," he answered. "We are all together."

Text copyright © 2007 by Beatrice Gormley

Continues...

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Excerpted from Marie Curie by Beatrice Gormley Copyright © 2007 by Beatrice Gormley. Excerpted by permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Table of Contents

Contents

Chapter 1 The Gold-Leaf Electroscope

Chapter 2 Free in the Countryside

Chapter 3 Strangers in the House

Chapter 4 The Secret of Polish History

Chapter 5 Gymnasium Number Three

Chapter 6 Manya's First Gold Medal

Chapter 7 The Enchanted Year

Chapter 8 The Flying University

Chapter 9 Miss Maria

Chapter 10 Exile and First Love

Chapter 11 Maria Enters the Laboratory

Chapter 12 Paris at Last

Chapter 13 The Perfect Match

Chapter 14 The Nobel Prize Winner

Chapter 15 Like a Fairy Tale

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