Table of Contents
The Kaplan MCAT Review Team vii
Getting Started Checklist viii
Preface ix
About Scientific American x
About the MCAT xi
How This Book Was Created xxiii
Using This Book xxiv
Studying for the MCAT xxviii
Chapter 1 The Cell 1
1.1 Cell Theory 8
1.2 Eukaryotic Cells 9
1.3 Classification and Structure of Prokaryotic Cells 18
1.4 Genetics and Growth of Prokaryotic Cells 29
1.5 Viruses and Subviral Particles 35
Chapter 2 Reproduction 55
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis 62
2.2 Meiosis 70
2.3 The Reproductive System 75
Chapter 3 Embryogenesis and Development 93
3.1 Early Developmental Stages 100
3.2 Mechanisms of Development 108
3.3 Fetal Circulation 120
3.4 Gestation and Birth 123
Chapter 4 The Nervous System 137
4.1 Celts of the Nervous System 144
4.2 Transmission of Neural Impulses 150
4.3 Organization of the Human Nervous System 160
Chapter 5 The Endocrine System 177
5.1 Mechanisms of Hormone Action 184
5.2 Endocrine Organs and Hormones 189
Chapter 6 The Respiratory System 221
6.1 Anatomy and Mechanism of Breathing 228
6.2 Functions of the Respiratory System 234
Chapter 7 The Cardiovascular System 249
7.1 Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System 256
7.2 Blood 269
7.3 Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 277
Chapter 8 The Immune System 297
8.1 Structure of the Immune System 304
8.2 The Innate immune System 309
8.3 The Adaptive Immune System 315
8.4 The Lymphatic System 326
Chapter 9 The Digestive System 337
9.1 Anatomy of the Digestive System 344
9.2 Ingestion and Digestion 349
9.3 Accessory Organs of Digestion 355
9.4 Absorption and Defecation 361
Chapter 10 Homeostasis 377
10.1 The Excretory System 384
10.2 Skin 399
Chapter 11 The Musculoskeletal System 411
11.1 The Muscular System 418
11.2 The Skeletal System 430
Chapter 12 Genetics and Evolution 447
12.1 Fundamental Concepts of Genetics 454
12.2 Changes in the Gene Pool 461
12.3 Analytical Approaches in Genetics 467
12.4 Evolution 475
Glossary 495
Index 509
Art Credits 531