MCTS 70-642: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuring (Exam Cram Series)
552
MCTS 70-642: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuring (Exam Cram Series)
552eBook
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Overview
Covers the critical information you need to know to score higher on your 70-642 Exam!
- Configure IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and services
- Work efficiently with Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- Manage advanced server features such as Server Core and Hyper-V
- Configure routing, including RIP and OSPF-based routing
- Secure networks with firewalls, policies, IPSec, authentication, Network Access Protection, and the Baseline Security Analyzer
- Configure DNS servers, zones, records, replication, and client computer name resolution
- Manage remote access, from NAT and VPNs to RRAS and RADIUS services
- Implement secure wireless access using SSID, WEP, WPA, WPA2, and group policies
- Configure file and print services, including disk quotas, DFS, and EFS
- Establish efficient automated backups and manage restores
- Monitor network performance and events
- Streamline updates with Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780768686791 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Pearson Education |
| Publication date: | 11/09/2008 |
| Series: | Exam Cram |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 552 |
| File size: | 6 MB |
| Age Range: | 18 Years |
About the Author
Patrick Regan has been a PC technician, network administrator/engineer, design architect, and security analyst for the past 16 years after graduating with a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University of Akron. He has taught many computer and network classes at Sacramento local colleges (Heald Colleges and MTI Colleges), and participated in and led many projects (Heald Colleges, Intel Corporation, Miles Consulting Corporation, and Pacific Coast Companies). For his teaching accomplishments, he received the Teacher of the Year award
from Heald Colleges and he has received several recognition awards from Intel. Previously, he worked as a product support engineer for Intel Corporation Customer Service, as a senior network engineer for Virtual Alert supporting the BioTerrorism Readiness suite, and as a senior design architect/engineer and training coordinator for Miles Consulting Corp (MCC), a premiere Microsoft Gold partner and consulting firm. He is currently a senior network engineer at Pacific Coast Companies supporting a large enterprise network. He holds many certifications, including the Microsoft MCSE, MCSA, MCT; MCITP CompTIA’s A+, Network+, Server+, Linux+, Security+ and CTT+; Cisco CCNA; and Novell’s CNE and CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA). Over the last several years, he has written several textbooks for Prentice-Hall Publisher, including Troubleshooting the PC, Networking with Windows 2000 and 2003, Linux, Local Area Networks, Wide Area Networks, and the Acing Series (Acing the A+, Acing the Network+, Acing the Security+, and Acing the Linux+). He
has also co-authored ExamCram 70-290 MCSA/MCSE Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment, 2nd Edition Exam Cram, has written 70-620 MCSA/MCSE TS: Microsoft Windows Vista, Configuring and is currently writing Exam Cram 70-643: Windows Server 2008 Application Platform, Configuring. In addition, he has completed the study guides
for the A+ certification exams for Cisco Press.
Table of Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Self-Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Chapter 1 Managing Windows Server 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39
Server Roles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Windows Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Configuring and Managing Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Administrative Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Server Manager Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Event Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Initial Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Microsoft Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Windows Server 2008 Administration Tools for Roles . . . . . . . . . 62
Windows Server 2008 Administration Tools for Features . . . . . . 63
Server Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Server Core Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Server Core Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Running the Administrative Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chapter 2 IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Physical Addresses, Logical Addresses, and Logical Names. . . . . . . . . . 74
Classful Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Private Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Subnetting the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Network Address Translation (NAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Proxy Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Unicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Multicast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Anycast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
IPv6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
IPv6 Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Migration from IPv4 to IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
TCP/IP Ports and Sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Configuring IP Addresses in Windows Server 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
IP Configuration Using the GUI Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Using the netsh Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Troubleshooting IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
The ping Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
The tracert Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
The netstat Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Chapter 3 Name Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Domain Name System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Domain Name Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
DNS Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Zone Files and Resource Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Name Resolution Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Dynamic DNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Zone Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
DNS Services in Windows Server 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Installing DNS Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Using the DNS Manager Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Configuring a DNS Suffix Search List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Monitoring and Troubleshooting DNS Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Using NSLookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Using DNSLint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Using the Dnscmd Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Introduction to Windows Internet Name Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
WINS Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Burst Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
WINS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
WINS Server Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
WINS Proxy Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Installing and Managing WINS Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
WINS Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Configuring Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Backing Up and Restoring the WINS Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Server Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Tombstoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Verifying Database Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Compacting the WINS Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Troubleshooting NetBIOS Name Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Deploying a GlobalNames Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Chapter 4 DHCP Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Introduction to DHCP Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
The DHCP Requests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Installing DHCP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
DHCP Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Client Reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Conflict Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
DHCP Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Bindings and DHCP Relay Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Authorizing the DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Fault Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Managing DHCP Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Backing Up the DHCP Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Monitoring and Troubleshooting DHCP Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Chapter 5 Routing and Filtering Network Traffic. . . . . . . . . . . 213
Routing and Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Static Versus Dynamic Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Distance-Vector Versus Link-State Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Routing Information Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Creating Static Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Using the Route Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Using Routing and Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Demand-Dial Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
One-Way Demand-Dial Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Two-Way Demand-Dial Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Configuring Demand-Dial Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Managing RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Packet Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Windows Firewall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Creating Inbound and Outbound Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Determining a Firewall Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Using netsh Command to Configure the Windows Firewall. . . 236
Managing Windows Firewall with Advanced Security via Group Policy . . .. 237
Network Address Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
NAT Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Enabling NAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
NAT and Teredo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Chapter 6 Controlling Network Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Dial-Up Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Dial-Up Remote Access Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Authentication Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Configuring Dial-Up Remote Access Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Authentication with RADIUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Enabling RADIUS in the Routing and Remote
Access Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
NPS as a RADIUS Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Registering the NPS Server in Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) . . . . . 259
Logging and RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
IPSec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
IPSec Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Implementing IPSec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Customizing IPSec Policies and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Configuring IPSec Using the Windows Firewall with
Advanced Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Monitoring Network Protocol Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
VPN Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Types of VPN Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
VPN Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Configuring a VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Using a Network Connection to Connect to a VPN . . . . . . . . . 278
Connection Manager Administration Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Network Access Protection (NAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Network Policy Server (NPS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Windows Security Health Validators (SHVs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
NAP Enforcement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Wireless Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Wireless Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Configuring the Wireless Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Requiring Certificates for Authentication and Encryption. . . . . 292
Configuring a RADIUS Server for 802.1X Wireless or Wired Connections . . .. 293
Using Group Policies to Configure Wireless Network (IEEE 802.11) Policies. . . . .. 295
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 7 File Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Rights and Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
NTFS Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Assigning NTFS Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Explicit and Inherited Permissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Copying and Moving Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Folder and File Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Sharing Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Network Discovery and Browsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Public Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Standard Sharing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Special and Administrative Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Accessing a Shared Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Managing Shares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Working with Shared Folder Offline Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
File Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Encrypting File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
BitLocker Drive Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Compressed (Zipped) Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
NTFS Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Distributed File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Installing DFS Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
DFS Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
DFS Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Shadow Copies of Shared Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Enabling Shadow Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Accessing Previous Versions of Files from Shadow Copies . . . . 349
Using the VSSAdmin.exe Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Types of Backups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Windows Server Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Using wbadmin.exe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Backup Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
NTFS Disk Quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
File Server Resource Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Support for UNIX and NFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Chapter 8 Print Services . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Printer Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Local Versus Network Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Printing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Installing a Printer on Windows Server 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Installing Local Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Installing a Network Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Deploying Printer Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Listing Printers in Active Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Migrating Print Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Printer Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Printer Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Internet Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Managing the Print Spooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Printers, Print Devices, and Printer Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Priorities and Scheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Printer Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Managing Print Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Line Printer Daemon (LPD) Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Redirecting Print Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Looking at the Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Auditing Printer Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Monitoring Print Queue Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Print Management Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Troubleshooting Printing Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Chapter 9 Monitoring and Managing a Network Infrastructure . . .. . . . . . . 415
Microsoft Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Installing Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) . . . . . . . . . 416
Using Downstream Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Managing WSUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Configuring Clients to Use WSUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Baseline Security Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
SNMP Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Installing and Configuring SNMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Network Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Introduction to Protocol Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Placing a Protocol Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Using Microsoft’s Network Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Looking at a Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Exam Prep Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Chapter 10 Practice Exam I. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Chapter 11 Answers to Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Answers at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Chapter 12 Practice Exam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Chapter 13 Answers to Practice Exam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Answers at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Appendix A: Number Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Binary Number System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Hexadecimal Number System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Using Microsoft Calculator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Preface
Introduction
Welcome to the 70-642 Exam Cram! Whether this book is your first or your 15th Exam Cram series book, you'll find information here that will help ensure your success as you pursue knowledge, experience, and certification. This book aims to help you get ready to take and pass the Microsoft certification exam "TS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuring" (Exam 70-642). After you pass this exam, you will earn the Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist: Windows Server 2008 Applications certification.
This introduction explains Microsoft's certification programs in general and talks about how the Exam Cram series can help you prepare for Microsoft's latest certification exams. Chapters 1 through 9 are designed to remind you of everything you'll need to know to pass the 70-642 certification exam. The two sample tests at the end of the book should give you a reasonably accurate assessment of your knowledge and, yes, we've provided the answers and their explanations for these sample tests. Read the book, understand the material, and you'll stand a very good chance of passing the real test.
Exam Cram books help you understand and appreciate the subjects and materials you need to know to pass Microsoft certification exams. Exam Cram books are aimed strictly at test preparation and review. They do not teach you everything you need to know about a subject. Instead, the author streamlines and highlights the pertinent information by presenting and dissecting the questions and problems he's discovered that you're likely to encounter on a Microsoft test.
Nevertheless, to completely prepare yourself for any Microsoft test, we recommend that you begin by taking the Self-Assessment that is included in this book, immediately following this introduction. The self-assessment tool helps you evaluate your knowledge base against the requirements for becoming a Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) and will be the first step in earning more advanced certifications, including Microsoft's IT Professional and Professional Developer (MCITP and MCPD) and Architect (MCA).
Based on what you learn from the self-assessment, you might decide to begin your studies with classroom training or some background reading. On the other hand, you might decide to pick up and read one of the many study guides available from Microsoft or third-party vendors. We also recommend that you supplement your study program with visits to http://www.examcram.com to receive additional practice questions, get advice, and track the Windows certification programs.
This book also offers you an added bonus of access to Exam Cram practice tests online. This software simulates the Microsoft testing environment with similar types of questions to those you're likely to see on the actual Microsoft exam. We also strongly recommend that you install, configure, and play around with the Microsoft Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 operating systems. Nothing beats hands-on experience and familiarity when it comes to understanding the questions you're likely to encounter on a certification test. Book learning is essential, but without a doubt, hands-on experience is the best teacher of all!
The Microsoft Certification Program
Microsoft currently offers multiple certification titles, each of which boasts its own special abbreviation. (As a certification candidate and computer professional, you need to have a high tolerance for acronyms.)
The certification for end users is
- Microsoft Office Specialists: For professionals recognized for demonstrating advanced skills with Microsoft desktop software (including Microsoft Office).
The older certifications associated with the Windows Server 2003 operating system and related network infrastructure are
- Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP): For professionals who have the skills to successfully implement Microsoft products (such as Windows XP or Windows Server 2003) or technology as part of a business solution in an organization.
- Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST): For professionals who have the technical and customer service skills to troubleshoot hardware and software operation issues in Microsoft Windows environments.
- Microsoft Certified Systems Administrators (MCSAs): For professionals who administer network and systems environments based on the Microsoft Windows operating systems. Specializations include MCSA: Messaging and MCSA: Security.
- Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE): For professionals who design and implement an infrastructure solution that is based on the Windows operating system and Microsoft Windows Server System software. Specializations include MCSE: Messaging and MCSE: Security.
The newer certifications based on Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and related server products are
- Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS): For professionals who target specific technologies and distinguish themselves by demonstrating in-depth knowledge and expertise in the various Microsoft specialized technologies. The MCTS is a replacement for the MCP program.
- Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP): For professionals who demonstrate comprehensive skills in planning, deploying, supporting, maintaining, and optimizing IT infrastructures. The MCITP is a replacement for the MCSA and MCSE programs.
- Microsoft Certified Architect (MCA): For professionals who are identified as top industry experts in IT architecture and who use multiple technologies to solve business problems and provide business metrics and measurements. Candidates for the MCA program are required to present to a review board—consisting of previously certified architects—to earn the certification.
For those who want to become or who are database professionals, the following certifications are based on the Microsoft SQL Server products:
- Microsoft Certified Database Administrators (MCDBAs): For professionals who design, implement, and administer Microsoft SQL Server databases.
For developers and programmers, the following certifications are based on the Microsoft .NET Framework and Visual Studio products:
- Microsoft Certified Professional Developer (MCPD): For professionals who are recognized as expert Windows Application Developers, Web Application Developers, or Enterprise Applications Developers. They demonstrate that you can build rich applications that target a variety of platforms such as the Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0.
- Microsoft Certified Application Developers (MCADs): For professionals who use Microsoft technologies to develop and maintain department-level applications, components, web or desktop clients, or back-end data services.
For trainers and curriculum developers, the following certifications are available:
- Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT): For qualified instructors who are certified by Microsoft to deliver Microsoft training courses to IT professionals and developers.
- Microsoft Certified Learning Consultant (MCLC): Recognizes MCTs whose job roles have grown to include frequent consultative engagements with their customers and who are experts in delivering customized learning solutions that positively affect customer return on investment (ROI).
In 2008, Microsoft introduced two advanced certifications. The Master certifications identify individuals with the deepest technical skills available on a particular Microsoft product, such as Windows Server 2008, Exchange 2007, and SQL Server 2008. To achieve Master certification, candidates must attend several required sessions, successfully complete all in-class exams (written and lab), and successfully complete a qualification lab exam.
The highest-level certification is the Microsoft Certified Architect (MCA) program, focusing on IT architecture. Microsoft Certified Architects have proven experience with delivering solutions and can communicate effectively with business, architecture, and technology professionals. These professionals have three or more years of advanced IT architecture experience and possess strong technical and leadership skills. Candidates are required to pass a rigorous Review Board interview conducted by a panel of experts.
The best place to keep tabs on all Microsoft certifications is the following website:
http://www.microsoft.com/learning/default.mspx.
Microsoft changes their website often, so if this URL does not work in the future, you should use the Search tool on Microsoft's site to find more information on a particular certification.
Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)
Technology Specialist certifications enable professionals to target specific technologies and to distinguish themselves by demonstrating in-depth knowledge and expertise in their specialized technologies. Microsoft Technology Specialists are consistently capable of implementing, building, troubleshooting, and debugging a particular Microsoft technology.
At the time of the writing of this book, there are 28 Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) certifications:
MCTS: SQL Server 2008, Business Intelligence Development and Maintenance
MCTS: SQL Server 2008, Database Development
MCTS: SQL Server 2008, Implementation and Maintenance
MCTS: .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Presentation Foundation Applications
MCTS: .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Communication Foundation Applications
MCTS: .NET Framework 3.5, Windows Workflow Foundation Applications
MCTS: .NET Framework 2.0 Web Applications
MCTS: .NET Framework 2.0 Windows Applications
MCTS: .NET Framework 2.0 Distributed Applications
MCTS: SQL Server 2005
MCTS: SQL Server 2005 Business Intelligence
MCTS: BizTalk Server 2006
MCTS: Enterprise Project Management with Microsoft Office Project Server 2007
MCTS: Managing Projects with Microsoft Office Project 2007
MCTS: Microsoft Office Live Communications Server 2005
MCTS: Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, Configuration
MCTS: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Configuration
MCTS: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Application Development
MCTS: Windows Mobile 5.0, Applications
MCTS: Windows Mobile 5.0, Implementing and Managing
MCTS: Windows Server 2003 Hosted Environments, Configuration, and Management
MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration
MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration
MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration
MCTS: Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, Application Development
MCTS: Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, Configuration
MCTS: Windows Vista and 2007 Microsoft Office System Desktops, Deploying and Maintaining
MCTS: Windows Vista, Configuration
Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)
The new Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) credential lets you highlight your specific area of expertise. Now you can easily distinguish yourself as an expert in database administration, database development, business intelligence, or support. At the time of this writing, the following Microsoft Certified IT Professional certifications exist:
IT Professional: Database Developer
IT Professional: Database Administrator
IT Professional: Business Intelligence Developer
IT Professional: Enterprise Support Technician
IT Professional: Consumer Support Technician
IT Professional: Database Developer 2008
IT Professional: Database Administrator 2008
IT Professional: Enterprise Messaging Administrator
IT Professional: Enterprise Project Management with Microsoft Office Project Server 2007
IT Professional: Enterprise Administrator
IT Professional: Server Administrator
At the time of this writing, details are just starting to be revealed on the Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) on Windows Server 2008. The MCTS on Windows Server 2008 helps you and your organization save time, reduce costs and take advantage of advanced server technology with the power to increase the flexibility of your server infrastructure,. Transition certifications are available today for Windows Server 2003 certified professionals, and full certification paths will be available soon after the Windows Server 2008 product release. For more details about these certifications, visit the following website:
http://www.microsoft.com/learning/mcp/windowsserver2008/default.mspx
If the URL is no longer available, don't forget to search for MCTS and Windows Server 2008 with the Microsoft search tool found on the Microsoft website.
Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure
The Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist certifications enable professionals to target specific technologies and distinguish themselves by demonstrating in-depth knowledge and expertise in their specialized technologies. A Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist in Windows Vista, Configuration possesses the knowledge and skills to configure Windows Vista for optimal performance on the desktop, including installing, managing, and configuring the new security, network, and application features in Windows Vista.
To earn the Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuration certification, you must pass one exam that focuses on supporting end-user issues about network connectivity, security, applications installation and compatibility, and logon problems that include account issues and password resets:
Exam 70-642: TS: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure, Configuration
If you decide to take a Microsoft-recognized class, you would take several classes to cover all the material found on this exam. The preparation guide (including exam objectives) for Exam 70-642 TS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuring can be found at
http://www.microsoft.com/learning/exams/70-642.mspx
Taking a Certification Exam
After you prepare for your exam, you need to register with a testing center. At the time of this writing, the cost to take exam 70-642 is (U.S.) $125, and if you don't pass, you can take each again for an additional (U.S.) $125 for each attempt. In the United States and Canada, tests are administered by Prometric. Here's how you can contact them:
- Prometric: You can sign up for a test through the company's website, http://www.2test.com or http://www.prometric.com. Within the United States and Canada, you can register by phone at 800-755-3926. If you live outside this region, you should check the Prometric website for the appropriate phone number.
To sign up for a test, you must possess a valid credit card or contact Prometric for mailing instructions to send a check (in the United States). Only when payment is verified, or a check has cleared, can you actually register for a test.
To schedule an exam, you need to call the appropriate phone number or visit the Prometric websites at least one day in advance. To cancel or reschedule an exam in the United States or Canada, you must call before 3 p.m. Eastern time the day before the scheduled test time (or you might be charged, even if you don't show up to take the test). When you want to schedule a test, you should have the following information ready:
- Your name, organization, and mailing address.
- Your Microsoft test ID. (In the United States, this means your Social Security number; citizens of other countries should call ahead to find out what type of identification number is required to register for a test.)
- The name and number of the exam you want to take.
- A method of payment. (As mentioned previously, a credit card is the most convenient method, but alternate means can be arranged in advance, if necessary.)
After you sign up for a test, you are told when and where the test is scheduled. You should arrive at least 15 minutes early. You must supply two forms of identification—one of which must be a photo ID—to be admitted into the testing room.
Tracking Certification Status
As soon as you pass a qualified Microsoft exam and earn a professional certification, Microsoft generates transcripts that indicate which exams you have passed. You can view a copy of your transcript at any time by going to the MCP secured site (this site may change as the MCP is retired) and selecting the Transcript Tool. This tool enables you to print a copy of your current transcript and confirm your certification status.
After you pass the necessary set of exams, you are certified. Official certification is normally granted after six to eight weeks, so you shouldn't expect to get your credentials overnight. The package for official certification that arrives includes a Welcome Kit that contains a number of elements (see Microsoft's website for other benefits of specific certifications):
- A certificate that is suitable for framing, along with a wallet card and lapel pin.
- A license to use the related certification logo, which means you can use the logo in advertisements, promotions, and documents, and on letterhead, business cards, and so on. Along with the license comes a logo sheet, which includes camera-ready artwork. (Note that before you use any of the artwork, you must sign and return a licensing agreement that indicates you'll abide by its terms and conditions.)
- Access to the Microsoft Certified Professional Magazine Online website, which provides ongoing data about testing and certification activities, requirements, changes to the MCP program, and security-related information on Microsoft products.
Many people believe that the benefits of MCP certification go well beyond the perks that Microsoft provides to newly anointed members of this elite group. We're starting to see more job listings that request or require applicants to have Microsoft and other related certifications, and many individuals who complete Microsoft certification programs can qualify for increases in pay and responsibility. As an official recognition of hard work and broad knowledge, a certification credential is a badge of honor in many IT organizations.
About This Book
Each topical Exam Cram chapter follows a regular structure and contains graphical cues about important or useful information. Here's the structure of a typical chapter:
- Opening hotlists: Each chapter begins with a list of the terms, tools, and techniques that you must learn and understand before you can be fully conversant with that chapter's subject matter. The hotlists are followed with one or two introductory paragraphs to set the stage for the rest of the chapter.
- Topical coverage: After the opening hotlists and introductory text, each chapter covers a series of topics related to the chapter's subject. Throughout that section, we highlight topics or concepts that are likely to appear on a test, using a special element called an Exam Alert:
Warning - This is what an Exam Alert looks like. Normally, an alert stresses concepts, terms, software, or activities that are likely to relate to one or more certification-test questions. For that reason, we think any information in an Exam Alert is worthy of unusual attentiveness on your part.
You should pay close attention to material flagged in Exam Alerts; although all the information in this book pertains to what you need to know to pass the exam, Exam Alerts contain information that is really important. You'll find what appears in the meat of each chapter to be worth knowing, too, when preparing for the test. Because this book's material is very condensed, we recommend that you use this book along with other resources to achieve the maximum benefit.
In addition to the Exam Alerts, we provide tips and notes that will help you build a better foundation for Windows Server 2008 knowledge. Although the information might not be on the exam, it is certainly related and it will help you become a better-informed test taker.
Tip - This is how tips are formatted. Keep your eyes open for these, and you'll become a Windows Server 2008 guru in no time!
Note - This is how notes are formatted. Notes direct your attention to important pieces of information that relate to Windows Server 2008 and Microsoft certification.
Each chapter contains the following:
- Exam prep questions: Although we talk about test questions and topics throughout the book, this section at the end of each chapter presents a series of mock test questions and explanations of both correct and incorrect answers.
- Details and resources: Every chapter ends with a section titled "Need to Know More?" That section provides direct pointers to Microsoft and third-party resources that offer more details on the chapter's subject. In addition, that section tries to rank or at least rate the quality and thoroughness of the topic's coverage by each resource. If you find a resource you like in that collection, you should use it, but you shouldn't feel compelled to use all the resources. On the other hand, we recommend only resources that we use on a regular basis, so none of our recommendations will be a waste of your time or money (but purchasing them all at once probably represents an expense that many network administrators and Microsoft certification candidates might find hard to justify).
The bulk of the book follows this chapter structure, but we'd like to point out a few other elements. Practice Exams #1 and #2—two practice exams and their answers (with detailed explanations)—help you assess your understanding of the material presented throughout the book to ensure that you're ready for the exam.
Finally, the tear-out Cram Sheet attached next to the inside front cover of this Exam Cram book represents a condensed collection of facts and tips that we think are essential for you to memorize before taking the test. Because you can dump this information out of your head onto a sheet of paper before taking the exam, you can master this information by brute force; you need to remember it only long enough to write it down when you walk into the testing room. You might even want to look at it in the car or in the lobby of the testing center just before you walk in to take the exam.
We've structured the topics in this book to build on one another. Therefore, some topics in later chapters make the most sense after you've read earlier chapters. That's why we suggest that you read this book from front to back for your initial test preparation. If you need to brush up on a topic or if you have to bone up for a second try, you can use the index or table of contents to go straight to the topics and questions that you need to study. Beyond helping you prepare for the test, we think you'll find this book useful as a tightly focused reference to some of the most important aspects of Windows Vista.
The book uses the following typographical conventions:
- Command-line strings that are meant to be typed into the computer are displayed in special font, such as net use lpt1: \\print_server_name\printer_share_name
- New terms are introduced in italics.
Given all the book's elements and its specialized focus, we've tried to create a tool that will help you prepare for and pass Microsoft Exam 70-642. Please share with us your feedback on the book, especially if you have ideas about how we can improve it for future test takers. Send your questions or comments about this book via email to feedback@quepublishing.com. We'll consider everything you say carefully, and we'll respond to all suggestions. For more information on this book and other Que Certification titles, visit our website at http://www.quepublishing.com. You should also check out the new Exam Cram website at http://www.examcram.com, where you'll find information, updates, commentary, and certification information.
Exam Layout and Design
Historically, there have been six types of question formats on Microsoft certification exams. These types of questions continue to appear on current Microsoft tests, and they are discussed in the following sections:
- Multiple-choice, single answer
- Multiple-choice, multiple answers
- Build-list-and-reorder (list prioritization)
- Create-a-tree
- Drag-and-connect
- Select-and-place (drag-and-drop)
The Single-Answer and Multiple-Answer Multiple-Choice Question Formats
Some exam questions require you to select a single answer, whereas others ask you to select multiple correct answers. The following multiple-choice question requires you to select a single correct answer. Following the question is a brief summary of each potential answer and why it is either right or wrong.
- You have three domains connected to an empty root domain under one contiguous domain name: tutu.com. This organization is formed into a forest arrangement, with a secondary domain called frog.com. How many schema masters exist for this arrangement?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
1. The correct answer is A because only one schema master is necessary for a forest arrangement. The other answers (B, C, and D) are misleading because they try to make you believe that schema masters might be in each domain or perhaps that you should have one for each contiguous namespace domain.
This sample question format corresponds closely to the Microsoft certification exam format. The only difference is that on the exam, the questions are not followed by answers and their explanations. To select an answer, you position the cursor over the option button next to the answer you want to select. Then you click the mouse button to select the answer.
Let's examine a question for which one or more answers are possible. This type of question provides check boxes rather than option buttons for marking all appropriate selections.
- What can you use to seize FSMO roles? (Choose two.)
- The ntdsutil.exe utility
- The Active Directory Users and Computers console
- The secedit.exe utility
- The utilman.exe utility
2. Answers A and B are correct. You can seize roles from a server that is still running through the Active Directory Users and Computers console, or in the case of a server failure, you can seize roles with the ntdsutil.exe utility. You use the secedit.exe utility to force group policies into play; therefore, Answer C is incorrect. The utilman.exe tool manages accessibility settings in Windows Server 2003; therefore, Answer D is incorrect.
This particular question requires two answers. Microsoft sometimes gives partial credit for partially correct answers. For Question 2, you have to mark the check boxes next to Answers A and B to obtain credit for a correct answer. Notice that to choose the right answers you also need to know why the other answers are wrong.
The Build-List-and-Reorder Question Format
Questions in the build-list-and-reorder format present two lists of items—one on the left and one on the right. To answer the question, you must move items from the list on the right to the list on the left. The final list must then be reordered into a specific sequence.
These questions generally sound like this: "From the following list of choices, pick the choices that answer the question. Arrange the list in a certain order." Question 3 shows an example of how these questions would look.
- From the following list of famous people, choose those who have been elected president of the United States. Arrange the list in the order in which the presidents served.
- Thomas Jefferson
- Ben Franklin
- Abe Lincoln
- George Washington
- Andrew Jackson
- Paul Revere
- The correct answer is
- George Washington
- Thomas Jefferson
- Andrew Jackson
- Abe Lincoln
On an actual exam, the entire list of famous people would initially appear in the list on the right. You would move the four correct answers to the list on the left and then reorder the list on the left. Notice that the answer to Question 3 does not include all the items from the initial list. However, that might not always be the case.
To move an item from the right list to the left list on the exam, you first select the item by clicking it, and then you click the Add button (left arrow). After you move an item from one list to the other, you can move the item back by first selecting the item and then clicking the appropriate button (either the Add button or the Remove button). After you move items to the left list, you can reorder an item by selecting the item and clicking the up or down arrow buttons.
The Create-a-Tree Question Format
Questions in the create-a-tree format also present two lists—one on the left side of the screen and one on the right side of the screen. The list on the right consists of individual items, and the list on the left consists of nodes in a tree. To answer the question, you must move items from the list on the right to the appropriate node in the tree.
These questions can best be characterized as simply a matching exercise. Items from the list on the right are placed under the appropriate category in the list on the left. Question 4 shows an example of how they would look.
- The calendar year is divided into four seasons:
- Winter
- Spring
- Summer
- Fall
- Christmas
- Fourth of July
- Labor Day
- Flag Day
- Memorial Day
- Washington's Birthday
- Thanksgiving
- Easter
Identify the season during which each of the following holidays occurs:
- The correct answers are
- Winter
- Christmas
- Washington's Birthday
- Spring
- Flag Day
- Memorial Day
- Easter
- Summer
- Fourth of July
- Labor Day
- Fall
- Thanksgiving
In this case, you use all the items in the list. However, that might not always be the case.
To move an item from the right list to its appropriate location in the tree, you must first select the appropriate tree node by clicking it. Then you select the item to be moved and click the Add button. After you add one or more items to a tree node, the node appears with a + icon to the left of the node name. You can click this icon to expand the node and view the items you have added. If you have added any item to the wrong tree node, you can remove it by selecting it and clicking the Remove button.
The Drag-and-Connect Question Format
Questions in the drag-and-connect format present a group of objects and a list of "connections." To answer the question, you must move the appropriate connections between the objects.
This type of question is best described with graphics. For this type of question, it isn't necessary to use every object, and you can use each connection multiple times.
The Select-and-Place Question Format
Questions in the select-and-place (drag-and-drop) format display a diagram with blank boxes and a list of labels that you need to drag to correctly fill in the blank boxes. To answer such a question, you must move the labels to their appropriate positions on the diagram. This type of question is best understood with graphics.
Special Exam Question Formats
Starting with the exams released for the Windows Server 2003 MCSE track, Microsoft introduced several new question types in addition to the more traditional types of questions that are still widely used on all Microsoft exams. These innovative question types have been highly researched and tested by Microsoft before they were chosen to be included in many of the "refreshed" exams for the MCSA/MCSE on the Windows 2000 track and for the new exams on the Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 track. These special question types are as follows:
- Hot area questions
- Active screen questions
- Drag-and-drop–type questions
- Simulation questions
Hot Area Question Types
Hot area questions ask you to indicate the correct answer by selecting one or more elements within a graphic. For example, you might be asked to select multiple objects within a list.
Active Screen Question Types
Active screen questions ask you to configure a dialog box by modifying one or more elements. These types of questions offer a realistic interface in which you must properly configure various settings, just as you would within the actual software product. For example, you might be asked to select the proper option within a drop-down list box.
Drag-and-Drop Question Types
New drag-and-drop questions ask you to drag source elements to their appropriate corresponding targets within a work area. These types of questions test your knowledge of specific concepts and their definitions or descriptions. For example, you might be asked to match a description of a computer program to the actual software application.
Simulation Question Types
Simulation questions ask you to indicate the correct answer by performing specific tasks, such as configuring and installing network adapters or drivers, configuring and controlling access to files, or troubleshooting hardware devices. Many of the tasks that systems administrators and systems engineers perform can be presented more accurately in simulations than in most traditional exam question types.
Microsoft's Testing Formats
Currently, Microsoft uses three different testing formats:
- Fixed length
- Short form
- Case study
Other Microsoft exams employ advanced testing capabilities that might not be immediately apparent. Although the questions that appear are primarily multiple choice, the logic that drives them is more complex than that in older Microsoft tests, which use a fixed sequence of questions, called a fixed-length test. Some questions employ a sophisticated user interface, which Microsoft calls a simulation, to test your knowledge of the software and systems under consideration in a more-or-less "live" environment that behaves just like the real thing. You should review the Microsoft Learning, Reference, and Certification Web pages at http://www.microsoft.com/learning/default.mspx for more detailed information.
In the future, Microsoft might choose to create exams using a well-known technique called adaptive testing to establish a test taker's level of knowledge and product competence. In general, adaptive exams might look the same as fixed-length exams, but they discover the level of difficulty at which an individual test taker can correctly answer questions. Test takers with differing levels of knowledge or ability therefore see different sets of questions; individuals with high levels of knowledge or ability are presented with a smaller set of more difficult questions, whereas individuals with lower levels of knowledge are presented with a larger set of easier questions. Two individuals might answer the same percentage of questions correctly, but the test taker with a higher knowledge or ability level scores higher because his or her questions are worth more. Also, the lower-level test taker is likely to answer more questions than his or her more knowledgeable colleague. This explains why adaptive tests use ranges of values to define the number of questions and the amount of time it takes to complete the test.
Note - Microsoft does not offer adaptive exams at the time of this book's publication.
Most adaptive tests work by evaluating the test taker's most recent answer. A correct answer leads to a more difficult question, and the test software's estimate of the test taker's knowledge and ability level is raised. An incorrect answer leads to a less difficult question, and the test software's estimate of the test taker's knowledge and ability level is lowered. This process continues until the test targets the test taker's true ability level. The exam ends when the test taker's level of accuracy meets a statistically acceptable value (in other words, when his or her performance demonstrates an acceptable level of knowledge and ability) or when the maximum number of items has been presented. (In which case, the test taker is almost certain to fail.)
Microsoft has also introduced a short-form test for its most popular tests. This test delivers 25 to 30 questions to its takers, giving them exactly 60 minutes to complete the exam. This type of exam is similar to a fixed-length test in that it allows readers to jump ahead or return to earlier questions and to cycle through the questions until the test is done. Microsoft does not use adaptive logic in short-form tests, but it claims that statistical analysis of the question pool is such that the 25 to 30 questions delivered during a short-form exam conclusively measure a test taker's knowledge of the subject matter in much the same way as an adaptive test. You can think of the short-form test as a kind of "greatest hits exam" (that is, it covers the most important questions) version of an adaptive exam on the same topic.
Because you won't know which form the Microsoft exam might take, you should be prepared for either a fixed-length or short-form exam. The layout is the same for both fixed-length and short-form tests—you are not penalized for guessing the correct answer(s) to questions, no matter how many questions you answer incorrectly.
The Fixed-Length and Short-Form Exam Strategy
One tactic that has worked well for many test takers is to answer each question as well as you can before time expires on the exam. Some questions you will undoubtedly feel better equipped to answer correctly than others; however, you should still select an answer to each question as you proceed through the exam. You should click the Mark for Review check box for any question of which you are unsure. In this way, at least you have answered all the questions in case you run out of time. Unanswered questions are automatically scored as incorrect; answers that are guessed have at least some chance of being scored as correct. If time permits, after you answer all questions you can revisit each question that you have marked for review. This strategy also enables you to possibly gain some insight into questions of which you are unsure by picking up some clues from the other questions on the exam.
Tip - Some people prefer to read over the exam completely before answering the trickier questions; sometimes, information supplied in later questions sheds more light on earlier questions. At other times, information you read in later questions might jog your memory about facts, figures, or behavior that helps you answer earlier questions. Either way, you could come out ahead if you answer only those questions on the first pass that you're absolutely confident about. However, be careful not to run out of time if you choose this strategy!
Fortunately, the Microsoft exam software for fixed-length and short-form tests makes the multiple-visit approach easy to implement. At the top-left corner of each question is a check box that permits you to mark that question for a later visit.
Here are some question-handling strategies that apply to fixed-length and short-form tests. Use them if you have the chance:
- When returning to a question after your initial read-through, read every word again; otherwise, your mind can miss important details. Sometimes, revisiting a question after turning your attention elsewhere lets you see something you missed, but the strong tendency is to see only what you've seen before. Avoid that tendency at all costs.
- If you return to a question more than twice, articulate to yourself what you don't understand about the question, why answers don't appear to make sense, or what appears to be missing. If you chew on the subject awhile, your subconscious might provide the missing details, or you might notice a "trick" that points to the right answer.
As you work your way through the exam, another counter that Microsoft provides will come in handy: the number of questions completed and questions outstanding. For fixed-length and short-form tests, it's wise to budget your time by making sure that you've completed one-quarter of the questions one-quarter of the way through the exam period and three-quarters of the questions three-quarters of the way through.
If you're not finished when only five minutes remain, use that time to guess your way through any remaining questions. Remember, guessing is potentially more valuable than not answering. Blank answers are always wrong, but a guess might turn out to be right. If you don't have a clue about any of the remaining questions, pick answers at random or choose all As, Bs, and so on. (Choosing the same answer for a series of question all but guarantees you'll get most of them wrong, but it also means you're more likely to get a small percentage of them correct.)
Warning - At the very end of your exam period, you're better off guessing than leaving questions unanswered.
Question-Handling Strategies
For those questions that have only one right answer, usually two or three of the answers are obviously incorrect and two of the answers are plausible. Unless the answer leaps out at you (if it does, reread the question to look for a trick; sometimes those are the ones you're most likely to get wrong), begin the process of answering by eliminating those answers that are most obviously wrong.
You can usually immediately eliminate at least one answer out of the possible choices for a question because it matches one of these conditions:
- The answer does not apply to the situation.
- The answer describes a nonexistent issue, an invalid option, or an imaginary state.
After you eliminate all answers that are obviously wrong, you can apply your retained knowledge to eliminate further answers. You should look for items that sound correct but refer to actions, commands, or features that are not present or not available in the situation that the question describes.
If you're still faced with a blind guess among two or more potentially correct answers, reread the question. Picture how each of the possible remaining answers would alter the situation. Be especially sensitive to terminology; sometimes the choice of words (for example, "remove" instead of "disable") can make the difference between a right answer and a wrong one.
You should guess at an answer only after you've exhausted your ability to eliminate answers and you are still unclear about which of the remaining possibilities is correct. An unanswered question offers you no points, but guessing gives you at least some chance of getting a question right; just don't be too hasty when making a blind guess if you can eliminate one or two of the answers.
Numerous questions assume that the default behavior of a particular utility is in effect. If you know the defaults and understand what they mean, this knowledge will help you cut through many of the trickier questions. Simple "final" actions might be critical as well. If you must restart a utility before proposed changes take effect, a correct answer might require this step as well.
Mastering the Test-Taking Mindset
In the final analysis, knowledge breeds confidence, and confidence breeds success. If you study the materials in this book carefully and review all the practice questions at the end of each chapter, you should become aware of the areas where you need additional learning and study.
After you've worked your way through the book, take the practice exams in the back of the book. Taking these tests provides a reality check and helps you identify areas to study further. Make sure you follow up and review materials related to the questions you miss on the practice exams before scheduling a real exam. Don't schedule your exam appointment until after you've thoroughly studied the material and you feel comfortable with the whole scope of the practice exams. You should score 80% or better on the practice exams before proceeding to the real thing. (Otherwise, obtain some additional practice tests so that you can keep trying until you hit this magic number.)
Tip - If you take a practice exam and don't get at least 80% of the questions correct, keep practicing. Microsoft provides links to practice-exam providers and also self-assessment exams at http://www.microsoft.com/learning/mcpexams/prepare/default.asp.
Armed with the information in this book and with the determination to augment your knowledge, you should be able to pass the certification exam. However, you need to work at it, or you'll spend the exam fee more than once before you finally pass. If you prepare seriously, you should do well.
The next section covers other sources that you can use to prepare for Microsoft certification exams.
Additional Resources
A good source of information about Microsoft certification exams comes from Microsoft itself. Because its products and technologies—and the exams that go with them—change frequently, the best place to go for exam-related information is online.
Microsoft offers training, certification, and other learning-related information and links at the http://www.microsoft.com/learning web address. If you haven't already visited the Microsoft Training and Certification website, you should do so right now.
Coping with Change on the Web - Sooner or later, all the information we've shared with you about the Microsoft Certified Professional pages and the other web-based resources mentioned throughout the rest of this book will go stale or be replaced by newer information. In some cases, the URLs you find here might lead you to their replacements; in other cases, the URLs will go nowhere, leaving you with the dreaded "404 File not found" error message. When that happens, don't give up.
There's always a way to find what you want on the web if you're willing to invest some time and energy. Most large or complex websites—and Microsoft's qualifies on both counts—offer search engines. All of Microsoft's web pages have a Search button at the top edge of the page. As long as you can get to Microsoft's site (it should stay at http://www.microsoft.com for a long time), you can use the Search button to find what you need.
The more focused (or specific) that you can make a search request, the more likely the results will include information you can use. For example, you can search for the string
"training and certification"to produce a lot of data about the subject in general, but if you're looking for the preparation guide for Exam 70-642, Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure, Configuring, you'll be more likely to get there quickly if you use a search string similar to the following:
"Exam 70-642" AND "preparation guide"Likewise, if you want to find the Training and Certification downloads, you should try a search string such as this:
"training and certification" AND "download page"Finally, you should feel free to use general search tools—such as http://www.google.com, http://www.yahoo.com, http://www.excite.com, and http://www.ask.com—to look for related information. Although Microsoft offers great information about its certification exams online, there are plenty of third-party sources of information and assistance that need not follow Microsoft's party line. Therefore, if you can't find something where the book says it lives, you should intensify your search.
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