Media Law and Policy in the Internet Age

Media Law and Policy in the Internet Age

ISBN-10:
1509930205
ISBN-13:
9781509930203
Pub. Date:
07/25/2019
Publisher:
Bloomsbury Academic
ISBN-10:
1509930205
ISBN-13:
9781509930203
Pub. Date:
07/25/2019
Publisher:
Bloomsbury Academic
Media Law and Policy in the Internet Age

Media Law and Policy in the Internet Age

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Overview

The Internet brings opportunity and peril for media freedom and freedom of expression. It enables new forms of publication and extends the reach of traditional publishers, but its power increases the potential damage of harmful speech and invites state regulation and censorship as well as manipulation by private and commercial interests.

In jurisdictions around the world, courts, lawmakers and regulators grapple with these contradictions and challenges in different ways with different goals in mind. The media law reforms they are adopting or considering contain crucial lessons for those forming their own responses or who seek to understand how technology is driving such rapid change in how information and opinion are distributed or restricted.

In this book, many of the world's leading authorities examine the emerging landscape of reform in nations with variable political and legal contexts. They analyse developments particularly through the prisms of defamation and media regulation, but also explore the impact of technology on privacy law and national security.

Whether as jurists, lawmakers, legal practitioners or scholars, they are at the front lines of a story of epic change in how and why the Internet is changing the nature and raising the stakes of 21st century communication and expression.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781509930203
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 07/25/2019
Edition description: Reprint
Pages: 280
Product dimensions: 6.69(w) x 9.61(h) x 0.58(d)

About the Author

Doreen Weisenhaus is Associate Professor and Director of the Media Law Project at the Journalism and Media Studies Centre at the University of Hong Kong, where she has taught media law and ethics since 2000. She is the author of Hong Kong Media Law: A Guide for Journalists and Media Professionals (2007 and an expanded edition in 2014). She is a former prosecutor and former city editor of The New York Times.

Simon N M Young is Professor and Associate Dean (Research) in the Faculty of Law at the University of Hong Kong. He is a practising barrister at Parkside Chambers and Co-Editor-in-Chief of the Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements v

List of Contributors xiii

Table of Cases xv

Table of Legislation xxiii

Introduction Doreen Weisenhaus Simon NM Young 1

Part A Conceptual Perspectives of Media Law and Policy

1 Defending Media Freedom in the Internet Age Peter Noorlander 13

Introduction 13

Challenges to Media Freedom in the Internet Age 14

Laws that Protect Reputation and Privacy 14

National Security, Anti-terror and Public Order Laws 17

Laws Designed to Regulate or Restrict Online Media 19

Media Law in the Internet Age: Opportunities 21

Publishing in the Age of the Internet: Taking Advantage of Strong Pro-speech Laws 21

Laws that Promote Media Freedom 22

Concluding Observations 25

2 Advances in Open Justice in England and Wales Lord Dyson MR 27

Introduction 27

Televising Courts 28

Social Media 30

The Judicial Communication Office and Media Panel 32

Conclusion 36

3 Free Speech, Reputation and Media Intrusion: Law Reform Now: Lord Lester of Heme Hill QC 37

The Defamation Act 2013 37

Speech Crimes 43

Independent Press Regulation and the Leveson Report 45

Conclusion 47

4 Independence of the Press as a Constitutional Necessity Gillian Phillips 49

Part B Media Law Reform and Defamation

5 Rethinking Reynolds; Defending Public Interest Speech Andrew T Kenyan 61

Reynolds to Section 4 62

The Terms of Section 4 65

Parliamentary Debates 67

Stronger than Reynolds? 69

A Second Generation of Reform? 71

Conclusion 72

6 Defamation Law in Canada and England: Emerging Differences Paul Schabas Adam Lazier 75

The Long Road to the Responsible Communication Defence 75

Libel Law before the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 75

The Early Charter Years 76

Grant v Torstar. Recognising Responsible Communication 79

Modernising the Fair Comment Defence 84

Defamation Law and the Internet 87

Protection for Hyperlinking and Intermediaries 87

The Single Publication Rule 88

The Law of Jurisdiction: The Next Capital of Libel Tourism? 89

The Serious Harm Test 90

Related Causes of Action 91

Breach of Privacy 91

Negligence 93

Conclusion 93

7 The Internet and Politics in the Development of Hong Kong Defamation Law Rick Glofcheski 95

The New Media 97

Website Hosts and Discussion Sites 98

Automated Internet Search Suggestions 101

Public Interest 102

Reportage 106

Other Defences 108

Damages 109

Conclusion 111

8 China's Defamation Law: The Contest Between Criminal and Civil Defamation Law Xu Xun 113

The First Phase: 1979 to 2001 113

The Second Phase: 2001 to 2013 114

9 The Philippine Supreme Court on Cyber Libel: Lost in Overbreadth H Harry L Roque, Jr 127

The Philippine Law on Libel 128

The Adonis Challenge to the Cybercrimes Prevention Act 129

The Legal Challenge 131

On Overbreadth 131

On Pacta Sunt Servanda 133

Decision of the Court 133

Concluding Observations 137

10 Confidentiality of Journalists' Sources in Singapore: Silence is Not Golden George Hwang 141

Introduction 141

Facts of the Case 142

Journalists' Ethics 143

Hearing History 144

Procedure Used 144

At the Registrar 145

At the High Court 145

The Law at the Time of Appeal 146

Origins of the Power 146

Burden of Proof 147

Newspaper Rule 148

Precedents on Point 150

Court of Appeal's Decision 151

Comment on the Court of Appeal's Decision 154

A More Active Court of Appeal? 154

Silence Is Not Golden 155

Is the Glass Half Full? 159

Conclusion: Why, When and Who? 160

Why? 160

When? 160

Who? 160

Part C Legal Regulation of the Media and Internet

11 Challenges for Communications in a Changing Legal Landscape Rolf H Weber 165

Elements of the New Media Landscape 165

From One-way Communication to Interactive Communication 165

From Contents Produced for Many to Individual Contents 166

From Short Living Information to Always Traceable Information 167

Visions of Political Power in the Digital Age 168

Need for a Redesign of the Sovereignty Concept due to Globalisation 168

Emergence of the Multi-stakeholder Concept and Power Distribution as Alternative 169

Re-establishment of State Intervention through Fragmentation of Global Networks 170

Technology as Media Control Regulation 171

Technology as Regulation 171

Technology as Enforcement Tool 173

Internet Filtering 173

Digital Rights Management 174

Elements of a New Media Governance Framework 175

Necessity of a New Media Governance Framework 175

Recognition of the Openness Principle 176

Importance of Technological Interoperability and Neutrality 176

Key Functions of Information Intermediaries 177

Specific Challenges with Content Requirements 178

Outlook 179

12 Self-regulation of the Press in the United Kingdom: Lord Hunt of Wirral 181

History 181

What the PCC Did 181

The PCC in Transition 182

Implementing Leveson 183

The Political Impasse 183

The Virtues of Self-regulation 184

13 Regulatory Responses from a Southern Archipelago Ursula Cheer 187

Introduction 187

Background 188

Media Ownership 188

Character of New Zealand Media 189

Legal Restrictions on Media Freedom 191

Criminal Libel 191

Sedition 191

Blasphemy 192

Hate Speech 193

Name Suppression 195

General Civil Laws 195

Regulation of Online Media-New Zealand Models 196

A Grand Regulator? 196

Mind the Gap 198

Expanding Powers of Existing Regulatory Bodies 199

The Press Council 199

The Broadcasting Standards Authority 200

A New Self-regulatory Body 201

Online Media Standards Authority (OMSA) for Broadcasters 201

New Statutory Regulation of Seriously Harmful Online Speech 203

Conclusion-a Mess or a Map? 208

14 Privacy Down Under Peter Bartlett 211

Introduction 211

History of the Common Law 212

Legislative Protections 217

Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) 217

Uniform Defamation Laws 218

Codes of Conduct 219

Steps by the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) 220

June 2014 ALRC Inquiry 223

Future Directions? 224

15 Two Faces of Freedom of the Press in Indonesia's Reformation Era T Mulya Lubis 227

Introduction 227

Public Perceptions Regarding Freedom of Expression 229

Barriers to Freedom of the Press 230

Televisual Media and Politics 233

Conclusion: Two Faces of Freedom of the Press in Indonesia Today 234

Index 237

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