Metro Area Networking / Edition 1

by Steven Shepard

Overview

This work examines the tricks and traps awaiting service providers in the Metro Area space, detailing the technological challenges and opportunities. It covers: Metro networking with Ethernet and Optical; Metro with Bluetooth, InfiniBand, DWDM and more; VPN implications; and support services.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780071399142
Publisher:	McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing
Publication date:	10/23/2002
Series:	McGraw-Hill Networking Professional
Pages:	356
Product dimensions:	7.18(w) x 9.30(h) x 0.95(d)

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	xvii
	Introduction	xix
Part 1	A Lesson in Medieval History	1
	The Evolution of Modern Networks	3
	Further Diversification	6
	Core Versus Edge: A Few Words	7
	The Birth of Metro	10
	Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)	11
	Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)	15
	The Maturing Metro Market	16
	Metro Market Segments	17
	Carrier-Class Ethernet	20
	MPLS/GMPLS-Enabled Networks	21
	DWDM	22
	The Next-Generation Intelligent Network	24
	Network Management	25
	An Aside: Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)	27
	Anatomy of the Metro Network: The Edge	27
	The Multiservice Metro Network	28
	Network Inversion	30
	Cisco's Central Role	31
	Route Management	32
	Security	33
	Data Archiving and Caching	33
	Policy Enforcement	33
	VPNs	33
	The Metro Network: Access	34
	56 Kbps Dial-Up	36
	ISDN	36
	DSL	36
	Cable	37
	Ethernet	37
	Wireless	38
	Frame Relay	38
	Private Line	38
	Anatomy of the Metro Network: The Core	39
	Optical Burst Switching	41
	Freespace Optics	42
	Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)	43
	Metro Topologies	43
	Point-to-Point Architectures	43
	Ring Architectures	44
	The Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring (UPSR)	44
	Bidirectional Switched Rings	45
	The Two-Fiber BLSR Option	46
	Mesh Architectures	47
	Summary	50
Part 2	The Metro Network	55
	What Is a Metro Network?	56
	Metro Touch Points	57
	Long-Haul Networks	58
	Access Networks	59
	The Metro Area Itself	60
	The Evolving Metro Network	61
	Metro Demographics	73
	Regulatory Impacts	74
	Likely Regulatory Solutions	76
	Summary	78
Part 3	Enabling Technologies	79
	Introduction	80
	Overview and Terminology	80
	How Ethernet Works	81
	LAN Switching	82
	Ethernet Services	82
	Ethernet: A Brief History	84
	Phase Two: Xerox and DEC	84
	The Arrival of Fast Ethernet	86
	Two-Way Ethernet	87
	The Arrival of Gigabit Ethernet	87
	The Ethernet Frame	87
	The Special Case of Gigabit Ethernet	90
	Gigabit Ethernet Frame Bursting	90
	A Point of Contention: Jumbo Frames	90
	Media Access Control (MAC) in Ethernet	91
	Half-Duplex Ethernet using CSMA/CD	91
	The Backoff Process	92
	Slot Time	93
	Full-Duplex Ethernet	94
	Pause Frames in a Full-Duplex Transmission	95
	Link Aggregation	96
	Up the Stack: The Ethernet Physical Layer	97
	10Base5	97
	A Touch of Transylvania	98
	10Base2	98
	10BaseT	100
	A Brief Aside: Nomenclature	102
	10Broad36	103
	Fiber Optic Interrepeater Link (FOIRL)	105
	10BaseF	105
	The Arrival of Fast Ethernet (100BaseT)	107
	100BaseTX	108
	100BaseFX	108
	100BaseT4	108
	100BaseT2	109
	One Step Up: Gigabit Ethernet (1000BaseX)	109
	1000BaseLX	109
	1000BaseSX	110
	1000BaseCX	110
	1000Base-T	110
	10-Gigabit Ethernet	111
	Ethernet Summary	111
	Service Providers	111
	Alternative Premises Schemes	113
	802.11	113
	802.11 Physical Layer	113
	802.11 MAC Layer	114
	Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HomePNA)	115
	Bluetooth	115
	Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)	116
	The Mobile Appliance	116
	Access Technologies	116
	Marketplace Realities	117
	ISDN	118
	ISDN Technology	118
	The Basic Rate Interface (BRI)	119
	BRI Applications	120
	The Primary Rate Interface (PRI)	120
	PBX Applications	121
	Videoconferencing	122
	Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)	122
	DSL Technology	123
	DSL Services	124
	Service Provider Issues	131
	The Regulatory Conundrum	132
	Electrical Disturbances	133
	Physical Impairments	133
	Load Coils and Bridged Taps	134
	Splices and Gauge Changes	135
	Weather	135
	Solutions	135
	Cable-Based Access Technologies	136
	Playing in the Broadband Game	137
	The Cable Network	137
	Evolving Cable Systems	140
	Cable Modems	141
	Cable Access in the Metro Arena	142
	Wireless Access Technologies	142
	Wireless Access	143
	Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)	143
	Multichannel, Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)	144
	So What's the Market?	145
	Summary	145
	Transport Technologies	146
	Point-to-Point Technologies	147
	Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)	153
	ATM Evolution	155
	ATM Technology Overview	156
	ATM Protocols	156
	The ATM Cell Header	158
	Addressing in ATM	160
	ATM Services	161
	Optical Networking	167
	Beginnings	168
	Optical Sources	168
	Optical Fiber	169
	Drawing the Fiber	170
	Optical Fiber	171
	Scattering	172
	Absorption	172
	Dispersion	172
	Putting It All Together	174
	Fiber Nonlinearities	176
	Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)	176
	Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)	177
	Four-Wave Mixing	177
	Intermodulation Effects	178
	Scattering Problems	178
	Optical Amplification	180
	Traditional Amplification and Regeneration Techniques	180
	Optical Amplifiers: How They Work	181
	Optical Receivers	182
	Photodetector Types	182
	Optical Fiber	183
	Modes: An Analogy	183
	Summary	186
	Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)	186
	How DWDM Works	187
	Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)	188
	Optical Switching and Routing	189
	Switching Versus Routing: What's the Difference?	189
	Switching in the Optical Domain	190
	SONET Advantages: Midspan Meet	192
	Improved OAM&P	192
	Multipoint Circuit Support	193
	Nonintrusive Monitoring	193
	New Services	193
	SONET Evolution	194
	The SONET Frame	196
	SONET Bandwidth	198
	The STS-N Frame	198
	The STS-Nc Frame	200
	Overhead Modifications in STS-Nc Frames	200
	Transporting Subrate Payloads: Virtual Tributaries	201
	Creating Virtual Tributaries	201
	Creating the Virtual Tributary Superframe	203
	SONET Summary	203
	SDH Nomenclature	204
	The SDH Frame	205
	STM Frame Overhead	206
	Overhead Details	206
	Metro Interworking: SONET and Ethernet	207
	Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)	208
	Optical Burst Switching (OBS)	210
	Mesh Networks	210
	Freespace Optics	211
	Input/Output (I/O) Interfaces	211
	Fibre Channel	212
	Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)	212
	High Performance Parallel Interface (HPPI)	214
	High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)	214
	Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)	214
	Universal Serial Bus (USB)	215
	IEEE 1394	215
	Summary	216
Part 4	Metro Applications	217
	Corporate Evolution	218
	The Importance of Corporate Knowledge	220
	The ERP Process	221
	The Data Process	221
	Storage Options	222
	Data Mining	224
	Knowledge Management	226
	Obstacles to Effective Knowledge Management	227
	Managing Quality of Service (QoS)	229
	An Aside: The SLA	229
	Supply-Chain Issues	230
	ERP in the Telecomm Space	231
	Customer Relationship Management (CRM)	233
	Putting It All Together	233
	Network Management in Metro Networks	235
	Summary	237
Part 5	Players in the Metro Game	239
	Component Manufacturers	241
	The Component Players	245
	Systems Manufacturers	246
	Appian Communications	246
	Caly Networks	246
	Cisco	247
	Extreme Networks	247
	Foundry Networks	248
	Lucent Technologies	248
	LuxN	249
	Riverstone Networks	250
	Sycamore Networks	250
	Tellabs	251
	Service Provider Issues	251
	BellSouth	254
	Broadwing	254
	CityNet Communications	255
	IntelliSpace	255
	OnFiber Communications	255
	SBC	256
	Storm Telecommunications	256
	Telseon	256
	Williams Communications	257
	XO Communications	257
	Yipes	257
	Conclusion	259
Appendix A	Common Industry Acronyms	261
Appendix B	Glossary	287
	Index	313

Editorial Reviews

The Read Only Review
Service providers have flooded the core transport network with optical fiber, and they still can’t get enough bandwidth to users at the edge. Why? One big reason: the metropolitan area bottleneck. Today’s new MAN technologies are intended to overcome that bottleneck. And since many of them are based on Ethernet, they’ll theoretically allow carriers to leverage user-friendly, low-cost technology for a change. (Ethernet-based standards replacing SONET/SDH -- who’d-a thunk it?)

As MANs grow in importance, however, service providers, carriers, and enterprises face tough challenges. They must learn how to streamline their “layer-cake” network architectures (nowadays, typically, multichannel DWDM for bandwidth; SONET/SDH above it for management; ATM above that for QoS; and IP at the top for multiprotocol support, with killer overhead everywhere). They must understand their new choices, deploy intelligently; and clearly understand how the new MAN technologies effect their service offerings.

There’s a lot riding on getting this right. Steven Shepard’s Metro Area Networking covers it all: technical and marketplace background, leading players, the latest standards work, new architectures that blur LANs and WANs, related technologies such as Resilient Packet Ring (RPR); QoS and operations support systems, and more. In one book: the whole future of MAN. Bill Camarda

Bill Camarda is a consultant, writer, and web/multimedia content developer. His 15 books include Special Edition Using Word 2000 and Upgrading & Fixing Networks For Dummies®, Second Edition.

The Barnes & Noble Review
Steven Shepard makes the point that the metro market is the near future of networking. This book is a must-read for those involved in the telecommunications and networking industry -- including interested users who drive the requirements; the many vendors who provide the systems, components, and services that satisfy those requirements; and the investors who make all of it financially possible.

This book is very well written, with information that is easy to absorb. It describes the networking industry and explains how it applies to today's metropolitan customer demands. Shepard has organized his material into five parts that progress through information like layers of technology. Part 1 is dedicated to networking history, basics, and architecture. Part 2 looks at the metro area and the metro net. Part 3 really gets to the core with a discussion of enabling technologies. Part 4 takes a look at metro applications and how they fit in the metro environment. Part 5 takes a look at the players in the metro game -- from the component and system manufacturers to the service providers and their issues. Finally, there is an excellent acronym and abbreviation list in Appendix A and a glossary in Appendix B.

Metro Area Networking (MAN) is a new playing field. This informative, easy-to-read book provides important insight into the lucrative business possibilities of MANs. John Vacca

John Vacca, the former computer security official (CSO) for NASA's space station program (Freedom), has written 38 books about advanced storage, computer security, and aerospace technology.