Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life / Edition 8

by Sean Ainsworth

Overview

Neonatal Formulary provides comprehensive guidance on the safe use of the drugs prescribed during pregnancy and commonly given to babies during labour and delivery, as well as during lactation and the first year of life. Treating the journey from pregnancy to parenthood as a continuous event, the new edition contains updated information on how the drugs affect both mother and baby.

The first part of the book focuses on drug storage, drug licensing, and drug prescribing. In addition, it explains to why the metabolism of drugs differs in premature and sick infants, and why the practice of extrapolating doses from adult studies is unsafe. Patient safety, excipients, and therapies that affect drugs are also covered.

Part 2 consists of monographs for over 250 drugs that may find use in the neonatal unit, and possibly outside it. Each monograph is divided into sections covering use, pharmacology, treatment, drug interactions or other administration, information, supply and administration, and references. The monographs are evidence-based and include links to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and national guidelines.

The third part presents information on additional drugs, and groups of drugs, that are often taken by mothers during pregnancy, labour, or during breast feeding. The drugs discussed in this section all affect the foetus or infant.

Containing far more detail than is available in the British National Formulary for Children, and with additional online material featuring updates related to specific drugs and dosing, Neonatal Formulary is an essential guide for neonatologists, neonatal nurses, hospital pharmacists, obstetric staff, advanced nurse practitioners and for all health care professionals caring for pregnant women and their infants in the first year of life.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780198840787
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	06/09/2020
Edition description:	8th ed.
Pages:	992
Product dimensions:	9.70(w) x 6.70(h) x 2.30(d)

About the Author

Sean Ainsworth, Consultant Neonatologist, Victoria Hospital, Fife

Sean Ainsworth is a Consultant Neonatologist whose training in the North East of England first brought him into contact with the early editions of the Neonatal Formulary. He became involved in the writing of the book during the writing of the 3rd edition published in 2000. He took over the editing from Edmund Hey and Sam Richmond in 2014 with the 7th edition (published in 2014) with the aim to keep the publication true to its original aims. He now works as a Consultant Neonatologist in Kirkcaldy in Fife.

Table of Contents

Important advisory statement xvii

Online only content xix

Part 1 Drug prescribing and drug administration

Terms, symbols, abbreviations, and units 3

Drug storage and administration 5

Drugs and the law 11

The care and use of intravascular lines 14

Minimizing intravenous infusion and other drug hazards 20

Excipients in neonatal medicinal products 23

Patient safety initiatives 31

Writing a hospital prescription 34

Adverse reactions and overtreatment 37

Renal failure 40

Body weight and surface area 43

Effects of therapeutic hypothermia on medications 46

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and appropriate dosing 50

Part 2 Drug monographs

Abacavir 55

Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine) 58

Aciclovir = Acyclovir (USAN) 61

Adenosine 64

Adrenaline = Epinephrine (rINN) 67

Albendazole 71

Alginate compounds (Gaviscon®) 74

Alimemazine (trimeprazine-former BAN and USAN) 77

Alteplase (tissue-type plasminogen activator [rt-PA]) 79

Amikacin 82

Amiodarone 85

Amlodipine 88

Amodiaquine with artesunate 91

Amoxicillin = Amoxycillin (former BAN) 94

Amphotericin B 98

Ampicillin 101

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (for ROP) 105

Arginine (L-arginine) 108

Artemether with lumefantrine 111

Aspirin = acetylsahcylic acid (INN) 114

Atosiban 117

Atracurium 120

Atropine 122

Azithromycin 124

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine 127

Betaine 132

Betamethasone 134

Biotin 137

Blood 139

Bosentan 144

Breast milk fortifiers 146

Budesonide 151

Bupivacaine 154

Cabergoline 157

Caffeine citrate 160

Calcium gluconate and other calcium salts 164

Captopril 167

Carbamazepine 169

Carglumic acid 171

Carnitine (levocarnitine [INN], L-carnitine) 173

Caspofungin 176

Cefalexin = Cephalexin (USAN and former BAN) 178

Cefotaxime 180

Ceftazidime 183

Ceftriaxone 186

Cefuroxime 189

Chloral hydrate 192

Chloramphenicol 195

Chloroquine 197

Chlorothiazide 200

Chlorphenamine = Chlorpheniramine (USAN and former BAN) 202

Chlorpromazine 204

Ciprofloxacin 206

Citrulline 209

Clarithromycin 211

Clindamycin 214

Clobazam 217

Clonazepam 220

Clonidine 223

Co-amoxiclav = amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (iNN) 227

Codeine phosphate 230

Co-trimoxazole 232

Dalteparin 235

Dexamethasone 238

Diamorphine (heroin) 244

Diazepam 247

Diazoxide 250

Digoxin 253

Digoxin-specific antibody 256

Dihydrocodeine 258

Dobutamine 260

Domperidone 263

Dopamine 266

Dornase alfa (recombinant human DNase) 270

Doxaprarn 272

Enemas, laxatives, and suppositories 275

Enoxaparin 280

Enzyme replacement therapy 283

Epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin = rEPO) 288

Epoprostenol and other prostanoids (iloprost and teoprostinil) 291

Erythromycin 295

Esomeprazole 298

Ethambutol 302

Eye drops (and ointments) 304

Fentanyl 308

Fibrin sealants and cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives 311

Flecainide 314

Flucloxacillin (also cloxacillin and dicloxacillin) 316

Fluconazole 319

Flucytosine 322

Fludrocortisone 325

Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) 327

Formula milks for babies with intolerance/allergy 330

Formula milks for preterm babies 337

Fosfomycin 341

Fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate 344

Furosemide = Frusemide (former BAN) 346

Ganciclovir (and valganciclovir) 349

Gentamicin 352

Glucagon 355

Glucose (dextrose) 357

Glyceryl trinitrate = Nitroglycerin (USAN) 360

Glycine 363

Glycopyrronium = Glycopyrrolate (USAN) 365

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine 368

Heparin 371

Hepatitis B vaccine 375

Hyaluronidase 379

Hydralazine 381

Hydrocortisone 384

Ibuprofen 387

Imipenem with cilastatin 391

Immunization 394

Immunoglobulin 399

Influenza vaccine 403

Insulin 406

Ipratropium bromide 410

Iron 412

Isoniazid 416

Ivermectin 419

Ketamine 422

Labetalol hydrochloride 425

Lactoferrin 428

Lamivudine 431

Lamotrigine 434

Lansoprazole 437

Levetiracetam 440

Levosimendan 443

Levothyroxine sodium 446

Lidocaine = Lignocaine (former BAN) 450

Linezolid 454

Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition 457

Loperamide 460

Lopinavir with ritonavir 463

Lorazepam 466

Low-molecular-weight heparins and other anticoagulants 469

Magnesium sulfate (Magnesium sulphate = former BAN) 473

Mebendazole 477

Mefloquine 479

Melatonin 482

Meningococcal vaccines 486

Mercaptamine (Cysteamine-former BAN) 490

Meropenem 493

Methadone 496

Methyldopa 499

Methylthioninium chloride (Methylene blue = former BAN) 501

Metoclopramide 503

Metronidazole 506

Micafungin 509

Miconazole 512

Midazolam 515

Formula milk thickeners and anti-reflux milks 518

Milrinone 522

Misoprostol 525

Mivacurium 528

Morphine 530

Mupirocin 534

Naloxone 537

Neostigmine (and pyridostigmine) 540

Nevirapine 543

Nifedipine 546

Nitazoxanide 549

Nitisinone 551

Nitric oxide 554

Nitrofurantoin 557

Nitrous oxide 559

Noradrenaline = Norepinephrine (rINN) 562

Nystatin 564

Octreotide 567

Omeprazole 570

Ondansetron 573

Oral rehydration solution (ORS) 576

Oseltamivir 579

Oxygen 582

Oxytocin 586

Palivizumab 589

Pamidronate disodium 592

Pancreatin 595

Pancuronium 597

Paracetamol = Acetaminophen (USAN) 600

Parenteral nutrition 605

Penicillin (Penicillin G; Benzylpenicillin) 608

Pethidine = Meperidine (USAN) 611

Phenobarbital = Phenobarbitone (former BAN) 614

Phenytoin 618

Phosphate 621

Piperacillin with tazobactam (piperacillin-tazobactam) 623

Plasma albumin (human albumin solution) 626

Plasma substitutes 629

Platelets 631

Pneumococcal vaccines 634

Polio vaccines 637

Polystyrene sulfonate resins 640

Potassium chloride 642

Praziquantel 644

Prednisolone 647

Probiotics 650

Progesterone 653

Proguanil (with or without atovaquone) 656

Propofol 658

Propranolol 661

Prostaglandins E₁ (alprostadil) and E₂ (dinoprostone) 665

Pyrazinamide 668

Pyridoxine (vitamin B₆) and pyridoxal phosphate 671

Pyrimethamine 674

Quinine 676

Radiological contrast media 679

Raltegravir 687

Ranitidine 690

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (rhG-CSF) 693

Remifentanil 696

Rhesus (D) immunoglobulin 699

Ribavirin = Tribavirin (former BAN) 702

Rifampicin = Rifampin (USAN) 705

Rocuronium 708

Rotavirus vaccines 711

Rubella vaccine 714

Salbutamol = Albuterol (USAN) 718

Sildenafil 721

Skin care and skin sterility 725

Sodium phenylbutyrate and glycerol phenylbutyrate 729

Sodium benzoate 733

Sodium bicarbonate 736

Sodium chloride 739

Sodium fusidate (fusidic acid) 742

Sodium valproate 744

Sotalol 747

Spiramycin 750

Spironolactone 753

Stiripentol 755

Streptokinase 758

Sucrose 761

Sulfadiazine = Sulphadiazine (former BAN) 764

Surfactants 766

Suxamethonium = Succinylcholine (USAN) 770

Teicoplanin 773

Tenofovir 776

Tetracaine = Amethocaine (former BAN) 779

Tetracosactide = Tetracosactrin (former BAN) 782

Tetracycline 784

Thiopental sodium = Thiopentone sodium (former BAN) 786

Tobramycin 789

Topiramate 792

Tramadol 795

Tranexamic acid 798

Trimethoprim 802

Trometamol = Tromethamine (USAN) 804

Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q₁₀) 806

Urokinase 808

Ursodeoxycholic acid = Ursodiol (USAN) 810

Vancomycin 813

Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and vaccine 818

Vasopressin, desmopressin, and terlipressin 821

Vigabatrin 824

Vitamin A (retinol) 827

Vitamin B₁₂ (hydroxocobalamin) 830

Vitamin D (special formulations) 832

Vitamin D (standard formulations) 834

Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) 837

Vitamin K₁ = phytomenadione (rINN), phytonadione (USAP) 839

Vitamins (multi-vitamins) 842

Warfarin 844

Whooping cough vaccine (including tetanus and diphtheria) 847

Zidovudine (azidothymidine) 851

Zinc 854

Part 3 Maternal medication and its effect on the baby

Obtaining further information on the fetal and infant effects of maternal medication 859

Maternal medication and the baby 862

Index 943

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Jay P. Goldsmith, MD (Tulane University School of Medicine)
Description: This is the eighth edition of a formulary text that describes drug use in pregnancy and the first year of life. The book is compiled by a British neonatologist, Sean Ainsworth, as a reference for drug use in pregnant women and for babies up to one year of age. As opposed to most U.S. references that give the drug and its dosage, Dr. Ainsworth describes the drug and its use in a lucid discussion, often commenting on controversies and different aspects of administration. The book also covers drug storage, prescribing, metabolism, and safety aspects, as well as drugs taken by mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Purpose: The book, according to its author, has been "designed to provide up-to-date referenced advice on the prescribing of drugs." The emphasis is on safety in drug administration and aspects of drug use such as prescribing, preparation, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics are covered as well. These are worthy objectives that are achieved in this nearly 1,000-page volume. U.S. readers should recognize that this book is written in Great Britain and some of the guidance does not fit perfectly with U.S. guidelines.
Audience: The intended audience is anyone who provides care and prescribes medications to pregnant women and their babies. It is written in an explanatory fashion, which may help the younger practitioners such as residents. The section on drug prescribing and administration will be exceptionally helpful to this group. The author is a well-recognized authority in this field.
Features: The book is divided into three sections. Section 1 describes drug prescribing and administration with sections on drug storage, licensing, safety, and adverse reactions. A section on excipients (materials used in the preparation of medicine), is unique to this book and an important aspect of drug therapy. Section 2 is a listing of over 250 drugs with discussions on indications, controversies, and dosage and administration routes. Drugs such as sodium bicarbonate are used differently in Great Britain and the U.S. and the author acknowledges these differences. Section 3 covers drugs used by mothers and their potential effects on the fetus or on newborns while breastfeeding.
Assessment: This is a comprehensive formulary text that differs from those found in the U.S. by its discussions of drug use and other aspects of drug administration other than dosage. The book is well referenced and up to date and should be an often-consulted reference for perinatal providers. The minor differences between U.S. and British drug use are acknowledged and should not detract from the usefulness of this book in the U.S.

Doody's Review Service