Non-state actors are not new, but they have never before reached their present strength. Among the plethora of non-state actors are thousands, if not millions, of non-governmental organizations (NG's) which play a significant role in the global system and whose role is likely to increase in the future. The proliferation of NG's is of such scale, scholars refer to it as a global associational revolution. By considering NG's throughout much of the world, Kaloudis focuses on the reasons for the growth of NG's particularly since the end of the Cold War, the functions of NG's, assessment of NG's, and their place in the global system. The author also shows the ambivalent and often paradoxical role of NG's, which is reflected in the works of scholars and the actual behavior of NG's themselves.