Table of Contents
List of Contributors xxiii
Foreword xxvii
Acknowledgments xxix
Introduction xxxi
1 Overview: The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Nonionizing Radiation 1Andrew Wood and Colin Roy
Part I Hazard Identification and Assessment: What are the Dangers and How are the Sources Dangerous? 11
2 Hazard Identification: Laboratory Investigation 13Andrew Wood
3 Hazard Identification: Epidemiological Studies and Their Interpretation 26Mark Elwood
Part II Ultraviolet (UV) Light 47
4 UVR and Short-Term Hazards to the Skin and Eyes 49Colin Roy and Peter Gies
5 Ultraviolet: Long-Term Risks and Benefits 67Mark Elwood
6 UV Guidelines and Protection Policies 76Peter Gies and Colin Roy
7 UV Measurements 94Peter Gies and Colin Roy
Part III Visible and Infrared (IR) Light 111
8 Laser and Visible Radiation Hazards to the Eye and Skin 113Claire Lyngå and David Urban
9 Infrared Radiation and Biological Hazards 134Stephen Newbery
10 Laser and Optical Radiation Guidelines 145David Urban and John Javorniczky
11 Laser Measurements 152David Urban and John Javorniczky
Part IV Radiofrequency (RF) and Microwave Radiation 163
12 Thermal Effects of Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation 165Kenneth R. Foster
13 RF Guidelines and Standards 186Andrew Wood
14 Assessing RF Exposure: Fields, Currents, and SAR 205Steve Iskra, Robert L. McIntosh and Andrew Wood
15 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity Radiofrequency Fields and Diseases in Humans 226Mark Elwood
16 Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects 239Andrew Wood
Part V Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields 257
17 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Induced Current Hazard 259Andrew Wood
18 Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Guidelines 281Andrew Wood
19 Instrumentation and Measurement of ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields 298Thanh Dovan and Ken Karipidis
20 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity ELF Fields and Diseases in Humans 313Mark Elwood
21 Possible Low-Level Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Field Effects? 322Andrew Wood
Part VI Static Electric and Magnetic Fields 339
22 Static Electric and Magnetic Field Hazards 341Ken Karipidis
23 Static Electric and Magnetic Field Guidelines 357Ken Karipidis
Part VII Dealing with Hazard Perception 363
24 Perceived Hypersensitivity: Anecdotal Versus Objective Evidence 365Adam Verrender, Anna Dalecki, Sarah P. Loughran and Rodney J. Croft
25 Prudent Avoidance 384Kevin Nuttall, Paul Flanagan and Garry Melik
26 Radiofrequency Fields and the Precautionary Principle 405Kenneth R. Foster
27 How to Handle Precaution 430Ken Karipidis and Rick Tinker
Part VIII NIR Injury Prevention and Medical Assessment 443
28 Medical Aspects of Overexposures to Nonionizing Radiation 445Bruce Hocking
29 Preventive Surveillance Programs 456Sue Heward, David Urban and Ray McKenzie
Part IX Legal and Community Issues 479
30 Public Consultation and Dissemination of Information. Risk Perception. Public Involvement in Decision-Making Regarding Placement of Broadcast Antennas and Power Transmission Lines 481Michael Dolan
31 Mitigating Nonionizing Radiation Risks 496David Urban, Michael Bangay and Thanh Dovan
32 Some of the Controversies Regarding NIR 526Andrew Wood, Ken Karipidis and Michael Dolan
33 Summary and Prospects 540Andrew Wood and Ken Karipidis
Appendix A Answers to Tutorial Problems 548
Appendix B List of Suppliers of Survey Equipment 558
Appendix C Websites for Further Information 560
Index 563