Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems, Part D / Edition 1

by John N. Abelson, Melvin I. Simon, Helmut Sies

Overview

Since biological tissues are unstable in an oxygen atmosphere, a great deal of effort is expended by organisms to metabolically limit or repair oxidative tissue damage. This volume of Methods in Enzymology and its companion Volume 233 present methods developed to investigate the roles of oxygen radicals and antioxidants in disease. It includes techniques and assays of the activity of biothiols in soluble systems, their interaction with lipids and proteins, and the various new thiol enzymes, such as thioltransferases, being elucidated. Antioxidant reactions and gene regulation are also included.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780121821357
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	08/12/1994
Series:	Methods in Enzymology , #234
Pages:	704
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

Helmut Sies, MD, PhD (hon), studied medicine at the universities of Tübingen, Munich, and Paris. He was the professor and chair of the Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany, where he is now professor emeritus. He is a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and was the president of the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was named ‘Redox Pioneer’; was the president of the Society for Free Radical Research International (SFRRI). Helmut Sies introduced the concept of “Oxidative Stress” in 1985, and was the first to reveal hydrogen peroxide as a normal constituent of aerobic cell metabolism. His research interests comprise redox biology, oxidants, antioxidants, micronutrients.

Table of Contents

Oxidative Damage to DNA and DNA Repair:
M. Dizdaroglu, Chemical Determination of Oxidative DNA Damage by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
M.K. Shigenaga, E.N. Aboujaoude, Q. Chen, and B.N. Ames, Assays of the Oxidative DNA Damage Biomarker 8-Oxo-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-Oxoguanine in Nuclear DNA and Biological Fluids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection.
K.K. Hamilton, K. Lee, and P.W. Doetsch, Detection and Characterization of Eukaryotic Enzymes That Recognize Oxidative DNA Damage.
W.A. Schulz, M.S.W. Obendorf, and H. Sies, Localization of Strand Breaks in Plasmid DNA Treated with Reactive Oxygen Species.
Y. Luo, E.S. Henle, R. Chatopadhyaya, R. Jin, and S. Linn, Detecting DNA Damage Caused by Iron and Hydrogen Peroxide.
P.K. Wong and R.A. Floyd, Photochemical Synthesis of 8-Hydroxyguanine Nucleosides.
M.J. Burkitt, Copper (DNA Adducts).
J. Cadet. J.-L. Ravanat, G.W. Buchko, H.C. Yeo, and B.N. Ames, Singlet Oxygen DNA Damage: Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Damage Products.
C. Baumstark-Khan, Alkaline Elution versus Fluorescence Analysis of DNA Unwinding.
L. Augeri, K.K. Hamilton, A.M. Martin, P. Yohannes, and P.W. Doetsch, Purification and Properties of Yeast Redoxyendonuclease.
C.F.M. Menck, Shuttle Vector between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes for Assaying Singlet Oxygen-Induced DNA Damage and Mutagenicity.
B. Epe and J. Hegler, Oxidative DNA Damage: Endonuclease Fingerprinting.
Assay of Stress Genes/Proteins, Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants on Cell Regulatory Processes:
W. Drige, S. Mihm, M. Bockstette, and S. Roth, Effect of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Antioxidants on Proliferation and Function of T Lymphocytes.
R. Schreck and P.A. Baeuerle, Assessing Oxygen Radicals as Mediators in Activation of Inducible Eukaryotic Transcription Factor NF-(B.
S. Xanthoudakis and T. Curran, Analysis of c-Fos and c-Jun Redox-Dependent DNA Binding Activity.
D.R. Crawford, C.A. Edbauer-Nechaman, C.V. Lowry, S.L. Salmon, Y.K. Kim, J.M.S. Davies, and K.J.A. Davies, Assessing Gene Expression during Oxidative Stress.
G. Storz and S. Altuvia, OxyR Regulon.
R.M. Tyrrell and S. Basu-Modak, Transient Enhancement of Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA Accumulation: A Marker of Oxidative Stress to Eukaryotic Cells.
J.S. Bertram and L.-X. Zhang, Assays for Regulation of Gap Junctional Communication and Connexin Expression by Carotenoids.
G.H.W. Wong and D.V. Goeddel, One-Day Northern Blotting for Detection of mRNA: NDGA Inhibits the Induction of Mn-SOD mRNA by Agonists of Type 1 Receptor.
C.E. Cross and B. Halliwell, Evaluation of Biomolecular Damage by Ozone.
B.K. Tarkington, T.R. Duvall, and J.A. Last, Ozone Exposure of Cultured Cells and Tissues.
Antioxidant Identification, Characterization, and Assay: A. Total Antioxidant Status:
P.A. Motchnik, B. Frei, and B.N. Ames, Measurementof Antioxidants in Human Blood Plasma.
C. Rice-Evans and N.J. Miller, Total Antioxidant Status in Plasma and Body Fluids.
B. Natural Source Antioxidants: Vitamin E:
W. Schaep and R. Rettenmaier, Analysis of Vitamin E Homologs in Plasma and Tissue: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
G. Riss, A.W. Kormann, E. Glinz, W. Walther, and U.B. Ranalder, Separation of the Eight Stereoisomers of all-rac-(-Tocopherol from Tissues and Plasma: Chiral Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Gas Chromatography.
D.C. Liebler, Tocopherone and Epoxytocopherone Products of Vitamin E Oxidation.
V.E. Kagan and L. Packer, Light-Induced Generation of Vitamin E Radicals: Assessing Vitamin E Regeneration.
M. Yamaoka and K. Komiyama, Antioxidative Activity of Tocotrienol in Heterogeneous System: Indication of Restriction within Membrane by Fluorescence Measurement.
G.T. Vatassery, Determination of Tocopherols and Tocopherolquinone in Human Red Blood Cell and Platelet Samples.
Vitamin C:
G. Barja and A. Hernanz, Vitamin C, Dehydroascorbate, and Uric Acid in Tissues and Serum: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
M. Inoue and K. Koyama, In Vivo Determination of Superoxide and Vitamin CRadicals Using Cytochrome c and Superoxide Dismutase Derivatives.
Quinones:
V.E. Kagan, E.A. Serbinova, D.A. Stoyanovsky, S. Khwaja, and L. Packer, Assay of Ubiquinones and Ubiquinols as Antioxidants.
E.A. Serbinova and L. Packer, Antioxidant Properties of (-Tocopherol and (-Tocotrienol.
Glutathione:
M. Asensi, J. Sastre, F.V. Pallardo, J.M. Estrela, and J. Vita, Determination of Oxidized Glutathione in Blood: High Performance Lipid Chromatography.
Carotenoids and Vitamin A:
M. Tsuchiya, V.E. Kagan, H.-J. Freisleben, M. Manabe, and L. Packer, Antioxidant Activity of (-Tocopherol, (-Carotene, and Ubiquinol in Membranes: cis-Parinaric Acid-Incorporated Liposomes.
A.R. Sundquist, K. Briviba, and H. Sies, Singlet Oxygen Quenching by Carotenoids.
W. Stahl and H. Sies, Separation of Geometrical Isomers of (-Carotene and Lycopene.
M.A. Livrea and L. Tesoriere, Lipoperoxyl Radical-Scavenging Activity of Vitamin A and Analogs in Homogeneous Solution.
Flavonoids:
D.K. Das, Overview of Naturally Occurring Flavonoids: Structure, Chemistry, and High Performance Lipid Chromatography Methods for Separation and Characterization.
W. Bors, C. Michel, and M. Saran, Flavonoid Antioxidants: Rate Constants for Reactions with Oxygen Radicals.
A.E. Hagerman and L.G. Butler, Assay of Condensed Tannins or Flavonoid Oligomers and Related Flavonoids in Plants.
I. Morel, G. Lescoat, P. Cillard, and J. Cillard, Role of Flavonoids andIron Chelation in Antioxidant Action.
J.R.S. Hoult, M.A. Moroney, and M. Paya, Actions of Flavonoids and Coumarins on Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase.
(-Lipoic Acid:
Y.J. Suzuki, M. Tsuchiya, and L. Packer, Determination of Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationships of Dihydrolipoic Acid.
Extracts from Natural Products:
L. Marcocci, L. Packer, M.-T. Droy-Lefaix, A. Sekaki, and M. Gardos-Albert, Antioxidant Action of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761.
C. Synthetic Antioxidants: Drugs:
H. Sies, Ebselen: A Glutathione Peroxidase Mimic.
P. Moldeus and I.A Cotgreave, N-Acetylcysteine.
M.E. Anderson, E.J. Levy, and A. Meister, Preparation and Use of Glutathione Monoesters.
E.J. Levy, M.E. Anderson, and A. Meister, Preparation and Properties of Glutathione Diethyl Ester and Related Derivatives.
S.J.T. Mao, M.T. Yates, and R.L. Jackson, Antioxidant Activity and Serum Levels of Probucol and Probucol Metabolites.
D.M. Lee, (-Phenyl N-tert-Butylnitrone as Antioxidant for Low Density Lipoproteins.
J.M. Carney and R.A. Floyd, Brain Antioxidant Activity of Spin Traps in Mongolian Gerbils.
L. Marcocci, Y.J. Suzuki, M. Tsuchiya, and L. Packer, Antioxidant Activity of Nitecapone and Its Analog OR-1246: Effect of Structural Modification on Antioxidant Action.
M. Miki, Penicillamine as Antioxidant.
E.D. Hall and J.M. McCall, Antioxidant Action of Lazaroids.
A.M. Miles and M.B. Grisham, Antioxidant Properties of Aminosalicylates.
L. Horakova, H. Sies, and S. Steenken, Antioxidant Action of Stobadine.
M.C. Krishna and A. Samuni, Nitroxides as Antioxidants.
H. Wiseman, Tamoxifen and Estrogens as Membrane Antioxidants: Comparison with Cholesterol.
O.H. Morand, Reactivity of Plasmalogens to Singlet Oxygen and Radicals.
I.T. Mak and W.B. Weglicki, Antioxidant Activity of Calcium Channel Blocking Drugs.
T.G. Gantchev, J.E. van Lier, D.A. Stoyanovsky, J.C. Yalowich, and V.E. Kagan, Interactions of the Phenoxyl Radical of Antitumor Drug, Etoposide, with Reductants in Solution and in Cell and Nuclear Homogenates: Electron Spin Resonance and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
Author Index.
Subject Index.

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From the Publisher

3 Stars from Doody

This book is part of a long and successful series of volumes on the methodologies associated with enzymes and their actions. Although the specific topic of this book has been dealt with before in books and reviews, the idea of making the same subject a two-volume edition in this successful series is a good idea. This volume is a series of short articles describing the methods for the generation and determination of various oxygen radical species and antioxidant actions. Several articles are devoted to the study of these products on various cellular components. The specific purpose is to describe the experimental procedures for assaying the production of oxygen radicals and related species and measure the effects of these biological agents under various conditions. The objectives, as stated, are important in view of the significance of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The author's objectives have been met by compiling an extensive array of methods associated with these important biological agents. The book is targeted for researchers and analysts involved in establishing the actions of these highly reactive species and the implications these actions have in health and disease. The book follows the customary and successful format established by a large number of similar volumes in the same series dealing with methodology for the generation and assay of oxygen radicals. The subjects of the many articles are well chosen and representative of the current status of the field. The appearance of the book follows the high standard established by previous publications of the same series. Recently, the methodology associated with the production and effects of oxygen radicalshas acquired greater significance because of the role these agents play in major health problems created, in part, by the changing environment of the industrialized world. Consequently, a book dealing with such a subject should be considered useful in the research or the analytical laboratory.

C. Harry Arsenis