Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids / Edition 1

by Martin Trusler

Overview

The interaction of sound waves with the medium through which they pass can be used to investigate the thermophysical properties of that medium. With the advent of modern instrumentation, it is now possible to determine the speed and absorption of sound with extremely high precision and, through the dependence of those quantities on variables like temperature, pressure, and frequency to gain a sensitive measure of one or more properties of fluid. This has led to renewed interest in such measurements and in the extraction of thermophysical properties of gases and liquids there from.

Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids describes both how to design experiments to achieve the highest possible accuracy and how to relate the quantities measured in those experiments to the thermophysical properties of the medium. A thorough theoretical examination of the alternative experimental methods available is designed to guide the experimentalist toward better and more accurate methods. This theoretical analysis is enhanced and complemented by an in-depth discussion of practical experimental techniques and the problems inherent within them. Bringing together the fields of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, fluid mechanics, and theoretical acoustics, plus a wealth of information about practical instruments, this book represents an essential reference on the design and execution of valuable experiments in fluid metrology and physical acoustics.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780367403034
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	09/05/2019
Series:	Series in Measurement Science and Technology Series
Pages:	268
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Dr J P Martin Trusler is a lecturer in Chemical Engineering at Imperial College, London. His research interests are focused on the thermophysical properties of fluids and, especially, on the speed of sound in gases. His recent work includes an acoustic determination of the gas constant and other highly precise measurements of thermophysical properties obtained using acoustic resonators.

Table of Contents

Preface ix

1 Fluid Properties from the Speed and Absorption of Sound 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Thermodynamic properties from the speed of sound 1

1.3 Kinetic information from the speed and absorption of sound 14

1.4 Transport properties from sound absorption at a surface 18

References 19

Notes 21

2 Fundamental Theory 22

2.1 Introduction 22

2.2 Propagation in an idealized fluid 23

2.3 Propagation in a dissipative fluid 27

2.4 Boundary conditions 36

References 50

Notes 50

3 Cavities 52

3.1 Introduction 52

3.2 The normal modes of an acoustic cavity 52

3.3 Forced oscillations 54

3.4 Boundary conditions 57

3.5 The parallelepiped 63

3.6 The cylindrical cavity 65

3.7 The spherical enclosure 74

3.8 The high-frequency interferometer 81

References 88

Notes 89

4 Relaxation Phenomena 90

4.1 Introduction 90

4.2 Translational relaxation 91

4.3 Molecular thermal relaxation 95

4.4 Chemical and structural relaxation 111

References 114

Notes 115

5 Generation and Detection of Sound 116

5.1 Introduction 116

5.2 Radiation from point and piston sources 118

5.3 Vibrating elements 129

5.4 The piezoelectric effect 138

5.5 Capacitance transducers 156

5.6 Moving-coil transducers 163

5.7 Photoacoustic excitation 165

5.8 Waveguides 165

References 176

Notes 178

6 Experimental Methods 1: Steady-state Techniques 179

6.1 Introduction 179

6.2 The single-transducer interferometer 180

6.3 The double-transducer interferometer 194

6.4 Spherical resonators 197

6.5 Cylindrical resonators 205

6.6 Numerical methods 208

6.7 Choice of methods 212

References 213

Notes 214

7 Experimental Methods 2: Transient Techniques 215

7.1 Introduction 215

7.2 Pulse methods 215

7.3 Reverberation methods 228

References 233

Notes 234

Appendix 1 Properties of Some Mathematical Functions 235

A1.1 Cylindrical Bessel functions J_m(z) 235

A1.2 Spherical Bessel functions j_i(z) 237

A1.3 The associated Legendre functions P_i

References 239

Appendix 2 Notation 240

Index 247